Arduino CNC Pen Plotter

How to make an easy CNC-plotter using Arduino.

Feb 5, 2018

•

19661 views

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10 respects

cnc

Components and supplies

Stepper Motor

Servos (Tower Pro MG996R)

Arduino UNO

Jumper wires (generic)

Project description

Code

SOFTWARE

c_cpp

1#include <Stepper.h>
2#include <Servo.h>
3#define LINE_BUFFER_LENGTH  512
4
5const int penZUp = 40;
6const int penZDown = 80;
7
8const int penServoPin  = 6;
9
10
11const int stepsPerRevolution = 60; 
12
13Servo penServo;  
14
15Stepper  myStepperY(stepsPerRevolution, 5,3,4,2);            
16Stepper myStepperX(stepsPerRevolution,  11,9,10,8);  
17
18struct point { 
19  float x; 
20  float y; 
21  float z;  
22};
23
24struct point actuatorPos;
25
26float StepInc = 1;
27int StepDelay  = 0;
28int LineDelay = 50;
29int penDelay = 50;
30
31float StepsPerMillimeterX  = 100.0;
32float StepsPerMillimeterY = 100.0;
33
34float Xmin = 0;
35float Xmax  = 100;
36float Ymin = 0;
37float Ymax = 100;
38float Zmin = 0;
39float Zmax  = 1;
40
41float Xpos = Xmin;
42float Ypos = Ymin;
43float Zpos = Zmax; 
44
45boolean  verbose = false;
46
47void setup() {
48  Serial.begin( 9600 );
49  
50  penServo.attach(penServoPin);
51  penServo.write(penZUp);
52  delay(200);
53
54  myStepperX.setSpeed(200);
55  myStepperY.setSpeed(200);  
56
57  Serial.println("Mini CNC Plotter alive and  kicking!");
58  Serial.print("X range is from "); 
59  Serial.print(Xmin);  
60  Serial.print(" to "); 
61  Serial.print(Xmax); 
62  Serial.println("  mm."); 
63  Serial.print("Y range is from "); 
64  Serial.print(Ymin); 
65  Serial.print(" to "); 
66  Serial.print(Ymax); 
67  Serial.println(" mm.");  
68}
69
70void loop() 
71{
72  delay(200);
73  char line[ LINE_BUFFER_LENGTH  ];
74  char c;
75  int lineIndex;
76  bool lineIsComment, lineSemiColon;
77
78  lineIndex = 0;
79  lineSemiColon = false;
80  lineIsComment = false;
81
82  while (1) {
83
84    while ( Serial.available()>0 ) {
85      c = Serial.read();
86      if (( c == '\n') || (c == '\r') ) {             
87        if ( lineIndex  > 0 ) {                        
88          line[ lineIndex ] = '\\0';                   
89          if (verbose) { 
90            Serial.print( "Received : "); 
91            Serial.println(  line ); 
92          }
93          processIncomingLine( line, lineIndex );
94          lineIndex = 0;
95        } 
96        else { 
97          
98        }
99        lineIsComment = false;
100        lineSemiColon = false;
101        Serial.println("ok");    
102      } 
103      else {
104        if ( (lineIsComment) || (lineSemiColon)  ) {   // Throw away all comment characters
105          if ( c == ')' )  lineIsComment  = false;     // End of comment. Resume line.
106        } 
107        else {
108          if ( c <= ' ' ) {                           // Throw away whitepace and  control characters
109          } 
110          else if ( c == '/' ) {                    //  Block delete not supported. Ignore character.
111          } 
112          else  if ( c == '(' ) {                    // Enable comments flag and ignore all characters  until ')' or EOL.
113            lineIsComment = true;
114          } 
115          else  if ( c == ';' ) {
116            lineSemiColon = true;
117          } 
118          else  if ( lineIndex >= LINE_BUFFER_LENGTH-1 ) {
119            Serial.println( "ERROR  - lineBuffer overflow" );
120            lineIsComment = false;
121            lineSemiColon  = false;
122          } 
123          else if ( c >= 'a' && c <= 'z' ) {        //  Upcase lowercase
124            line[ lineIndex++ ] = c-'a'+'A';
125          }  
126          else {
127            line[ lineIndex++ ] = c;
128          }
129        }
130      }
131    }
132  }
133}
134
135void processIncomingLine( char*  line, int charNB ) {
136  int currentIndex = 0;
137  char buffer[ 64 ];                                 //  Hope that 64 is enough for 1 parameter
138  struct point newPos;
139
140  newPos.x  = 0.0;
141  newPos.y = 0.0;
142
143  //  Needs to interpret 
144  //  G1 for moving
145  //  G4 P300 (wait 150ms)
146  //  G1 X60 Y30
147  //  G1 X30 Y50
148  //  M300  S30 (pen down)
149  //  M300 S50 (pen up)
150  //  Discard anything with a (
151  //  Discard any other command!
152
153  while( currentIndex < charNB ) {
154    switch  ( line[ currentIndex++ ] ) {              // Select command, if any
155    case  'U':
156      penUp(); 
157      break;
158    case 'D':
159      penDown(); 
160      break;
161    case 'G':
162      buffer[0] = line[ currentIndex++ ];          //  /!\Dirty - Only works with 2 digit commands
163      //      buffer[1] = line[  currentIndex++ ];
164      //      buffer[2] = '\\0';
165      buffer[1] = '\\0';
166
167      switch ( atoi( buffer ) ){                   // Select G command
168      case  0:                                   // G00 & G01 - Movement or fast movement. Same  here
169      case 1:
170        // /!\Dirty - Suppose that X is before Y
171        char* indexX = strchr( line+currentIndex, 'X' );  // Get X/Y position in  the string (if any)
172        char* indexY = strchr( line+currentIndex, 'Y' );
173        if ( indexY <= 0 ) {
174          newPos.x = atof( indexX + 1); 
175          newPos.y  = actuatorPos.y;
176        } 
177        else if ( indexX <= 0 ) {
178          newPos.y  = atof( indexY + 1);
179          newPos.x = actuatorPos.x;
180        } 
181        else  {
182          newPos.y = atof( indexY + 1);
183          indexY = '\\0';
184          newPos.x  = atof( indexX + 1);
185        }
186        drawLine(newPos.x, newPos.y );
187        //        Serial.println("ok");
188        actuatorPos.x = newPos.x;
189        actuatorPos.y = newPos.y;
190        break;
191      }
192      break;
193    case 'M':
194      buffer[0] = line[ currentIndex++ ];        // /!\Dirty  - Only works with 3 digit commands
195      buffer[1] = line[ currentIndex++ ];
196      buffer[2] = line[ currentIndex++ ];
197      buffer[3] = '\\0';
198      switch  ( atoi( buffer ) ){
199      case 300:
200        {
201          char* indexS =  strchr( line+currentIndex, 'S' );
202          float Spos = atof( indexS + 1);
203          //          Serial.println("ok");
204          if (Spos == 30) { 
205            penDown(); 
206          }
207          if (Spos == 50) { 
208            penUp();  
209          }
210          break;
211        }
212      case 114:                                //  M114 - Repport position
213        Serial.print( "Absolute position : X = " );
214        Serial.print( actuatorPos.x );
215        Serial.print( "  -  Y = " );
216        Serial.println( actuatorPos.y );
217        break;
218      default:
219        Serial.print( "Command not recognized : M");
220        Serial.println(  buffer );
221      }
222    }
223  }
224
225
226
227}
228
229
230
231void drawLine(float  x1, float y1) {
232
233  if (verbose)
234  {
235    Serial.print("fx1, fy1: ");
236    Serial.print(x1);
237    Serial.print(",");
238    Serial.print(y1);
239    Serial.println("");
240  }  
241
242  
243  if (x1 >= Xmax) { 
244    x1 = Xmax; 
245  }
246  if (x1 <=  Xmin) { 
247    x1 = Xmin; 
248  }
249  if (y1 >= Ymax) { 
250    y1 = Ymax; 
251  }
252  if (y1 <= Ymin) { 
253    y1 = Ymin; 
254  }
255
256  if (verbose)
257  {
258    Serial.print("Xpos, Ypos: ");
259    Serial.print(Xpos);
260    Serial.print(",");
261    Serial.print(Ypos);
262    Serial.println("");
263  }
264
265  if (verbose)
266  {
267    Serial.print("x1, y1: ");
268    Serial.print(x1);
269    Serial.print(",");
270    Serial.print(y1);
271    Serial.println("");
272  }
273
274  //  Convert coordinates  to steps
275  x1 = (int)(x1*StepsPerMillimeterX);
276  y1 = (int)(y1*StepsPerMillimeterY);
277  float x0 = Xpos;
278  float y0 = Ypos;
279
280  //  Let's find out the change  for the coordinates
281  long dx = abs(x1-x0);
282  long dy = abs(y1-y0);
283  int  sx = x0<x1 ? StepInc : -StepInc;
284  int sy = y0<y1 ? StepInc : -StepInc;
285
286  long i;
287  long over = 0;
288
289  if (dx > dy) {
290    for (i=0; i<dx; ++i)  {
291      myStepperX.step(sx);
292      over+=dy;
293      if (over>=dx) {
294        over-=dx;
295        myStepperY.step(sy);
296      }
297      delay(StepDelay);
298    }
299  }
300  else {
301    for (i=0; i<dy; ++i) {
302      myStepperY.step(sy);
303      over+=dx;
304      if (over>=dy) {
305        over-=dy;
306        myStepperX.step(sx);
307      }
308      delay(StepDelay);
309    }    
310  }
311
312  if (verbose)
313  {
314    Serial.print("dx, dy:");
315    Serial.print(dx);
316    Serial.print(",");
317    Serial.print(dy);
318    Serial.println("");
319  }
320
321  if (verbose)
322  {
323    Serial.print("Going to (");
324    Serial.print(x0);
325    Serial.print(",");
326    Serial.print(y0);
327    Serial.println(")");
328  }
329
330  
331  delay(LineDelay);
332  
333  Xpos = x1;
334  Ypos = y1;
335}
336
337
338void penUp() { 
339  penServo.write(penZUp);  
340  delay(LineDelay); 
341  Zpos=Zmax; 
342  if (verbose) { 
343    Serial.println("Pen  up!"); 
344  } 
345}
346void penDown() { 
347  penServo.write(penZDown); 
348  delay(LineDelay);  
349  Zpos=Zmin; 
350  if (verbose) { 
351    Serial.println("Pen down."); 
352  } 
353}

#include <Stepper.h>
#include <Servo.h>
#define LINE_BUFFER_LENGTH  512

const int penZUp = 40;
const int penZDown = 80;

const int penServoPin  = 6;


const int stepsPerRevolution = 60; 

Servo penServo;  

Stepper  myStepperY(stepsPerRevolution, 5,3,4,2);            
Stepper myStepperX(stepsPerRevolution,  11,9,10,8);  

struct point { 
  float x; 
  float y; 
  float z;  
};

struct point actuatorPos;

float StepInc = 1;
int StepDelay  = 0;
int LineDelay = 50;
int penDelay = 50;

float StepsPerMillimeterX  = 100.0;
float StepsPerMillimeterY = 100.0;

float Xmin = 0;
float Xmax  = 100;
float Ymin = 0;
float Ymax = 100;
float Zmin = 0;
float Zmax  = 1;

float Xpos = Xmin;
float Ypos = Ymin;
float Zpos = Zmax; 

boolean  verbose = false;

void setup() {
  Serial.begin( 9600 );
  
  penServo.attach(penServoPin);
  penServo.write(penZUp);
  delay(200);

  myStepperX.setSpeed(200);
  myStepperY.setSpeed(200);  

  Serial.println("Mini CNC Plotter alive and  kicking!");
  Serial.print("X range is from "); 
  Serial.print(Xmin);  
  Serial.print(" to "); 
  Serial.print(Xmax); 
  Serial.println("  mm."); 
  Serial.print("Y range is from "); 
  Serial.print(Ymin); 
  Serial.print(" to "); 
  Serial.print(Ymax); 
  Serial.println(" mm.");  
}

void loop() 
{
  delay(200);
  char line[ LINE_BUFFER_LENGTH  ];
  char c;
  int lineIndex;
  bool lineIsComment, lineSemiColon;

  lineIndex = 0;
  lineSemiColon = false;
  lineIsComment = false;

  while (1) {

    while ( Serial.available()>0 ) {
      c = Serial.read();
      if (( c == '\n') || (c == '\r') ) {             
        if ( lineIndex  > 0 ) {                        
          line[ lineIndex ] = '\\0';                   
          if (verbose) { 
            Serial.print( "Received : "); 
            Serial.println(  line ); 
          }
          processIncomingLine( line, lineIndex );
          lineIndex = 0;
        } 
        else { 
          
        }
        lineIsComment = false;
        lineSemiColon = false;
        Serial.println("ok");    
      } 
      else {
        if ( (lineIsComment) || (lineSemiColon)  ) {   // Throw away all comment characters
          if ( c == ')' )  lineIsComment  = false;     // End of comment. Resume line.
        } 
        else {
          if ( c <= ' ' ) {                           // Throw away whitepace and  control characters
          } 
          else if ( c == '/' ) {                    //  Block delete not supported. Ignore character.
          } 
          else  if ( c == '(' ) {                    // Enable comments flag and ignore all characters  until ')' or EOL.
            lineIsComment = true;
          } 
          else  if ( c == ';' ) {
            lineSemiColon = true;
          } 
          else  if ( lineIndex >= LINE_BUFFER_LENGTH-1 ) {
            Serial.println( "ERROR  - lineBuffer overflow" );
            lineIsComment = false;
            lineSemiColon  = false;
          } 
          else if ( c >= 'a' && c <= 'z' ) {        //  Upcase lowercase
            line[ lineIndex++ ] = c-'a'+'A';
          }  
          else {
            line[ lineIndex++ ] = c;
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

void processIncomingLine( char*  line, int charNB ) {
  int currentIndex = 0;
  char buffer[ 64 ];                                 //  Hope that 64 is enough for 1 parameter
  struct point newPos;

  newPos.x  = 0.0;
  newPos.y = 0.0;

  //  Needs to interpret 
  //  G1 for moving
  //  G4 P300 (wait 150ms)
  //  G1 X60 Y30
  //  G1 X30 Y50
  //  M300  S30 (pen down)
  //  M300 S50 (pen up)
  //  Discard anything with a (
  //  Discard any other command!

  while( currentIndex < charNB ) {
    switch  ( line[ currentIndex++ ] ) {              // Select command, if any
    case  'U':
      penUp(); 
      break;
    case 'D':
      penDown(); 
      break;
    case 'G':
      buffer[0] = line[ currentIndex++ ];          //  /!\Dirty - Only works with 2 digit commands
      //      buffer[1] = line[  currentIndex++ ];
      //      buffer[2] = '\\0';
      buffer[1] = '\\0';

      switch ( atoi( buffer ) ){                   // Select G command
      case  0:                                   // G00 & G01 - Movement or fast movement. Same  here
      case 1:
        // /!\Dirty - Suppose that X is before Y
        char* indexX = strchr( line+currentIndex, 'X' );  // Get X/Y position in  the string (if any)
        char* indexY = strchr( line+currentIndex, 'Y' );
        if ( indexY <= 0 ) {
          newPos.x = atof( indexX + 1); 
          newPos.y  = actuatorPos.y;
        } 
        else if ( indexX <= 0 ) {
          newPos.y  = atof( indexY + 1);
          newPos.x = actuatorPos.x;
        } 
        else  {
          newPos.y = atof( indexY + 1);
          indexY = '\\0';
          newPos.x  = atof( indexX + 1);
        }
        drawLine(newPos.x, newPos.y );
        //        Serial.println("ok");
        actuatorPos.x = newPos.x;
        actuatorPos.y = newPos.y;
        break;
      }
      break;
    case 'M':
      buffer[0] = line[ currentIndex++ ];        // /!\Dirty  - Only works with 3 digit commands
      buffer[1] = line[ currentIndex++ ];
      buffer[2] = line[ currentIndex++ ];
      buffer[3] = '\\0';
      switch  ( atoi( buffer ) ){
      case 300:
        {
          char* indexS =  strchr( line+currentIndex, 'S' );
          float Spos = atof( indexS + 1);
          //          Serial.println("ok");
          if (Spos == 30) { 
            penDown(); 
          }
          if (Spos == 50) { 
            penUp();  
          }
          break;
        }
      case 114:                                //  M114 - Repport position
        Serial.print( "Absolute position : X = " );
        Serial.print( actuatorPos.x );
        Serial.print( "  -  Y = " );
        Serial.println( actuatorPos.y );
        break;
      default:
        Serial.print( "Command not recognized : M");
        Serial.println(  buffer );
      }
    }
  }



}



void drawLine(float  x1, float y1) {

  if (verbose)
  {
    Serial.print("fx1, fy1: ");
    Serial.print(x1);
    Serial.print(",");
    Serial.print(y1);
    Serial.println("");
  }  

  
  if (x1 >= Xmax) { 
    x1 = Xmax; 
  }
  if (x1 <=  Xmin) { 
    x1 = Xmin; 
  }
  if (y1 >= Ymax) { 
    y1 = Ymax; 
  }
  if (y1 <= Ymin) { 
    y1 = Ymin; 
  }

  if (verbose)
  {
    Serial.print("Xpos, Ypos: ");
    Serial.print(Xpos);
    Serial.print(",");
    Serial.print(Ypos);
    Serial.println("");
  }

  if (verbose)
  {
    Serial.print("x1, y1: ");
    Serial.print(x1);
    Serial.print(",");
    Serial.print(y1);
    Serial.println("");
  }

  //  Convert coordinates  to steps
  x1 = (int)(x1*StepsPerMillimeterX);
  y1 = (int)(y1*StepsPerMillimeterY);
  float x0 = Xpos;
  float y0 = Ypos;

  //  Let's find out the change  for the coordinates
  long dx = abs(x1-x0);
  long dy = abs(y1-y0);
  int  sx = x0<x1 ? StepInc : -StepInc;
  int sy = y0<y1 ? StepInc : -StepInc;

  long i;
  long over = 0;

  if (dx > dy) {
    for (i=0; i<dx; ++i)  {
      myStepperX.step(sx);
      over+=dy;
      if (over>=dx) {
        over-=dx;
        myStepperY.step(sy);
      }
      delay(StepDelay);
    }
  }
  else {
    for (i=0; i<dy; ++i) {
      myStepperY.step(sy);
      over+=dx;
      if (over>=dy) {
        over-=dy;
        myStepperX.step(sx);
      }
      delay(StepDelay);
    }    
  }

  if (verbose)
  {
    Serial.print("dx, dy:");
    Serial.print(dx);
    Serial.print(",");
    Serial.print(dy);
    Serial.println("");
  }

  if (verbose)
  {
    Serial.print("Going to (");
    Serial.print(x0);
    Serial.print(",");
    Serial.print(y0);
    Serial.println(")");
  }

  
  delay(LineDelay);
  
  Xpos = x1;
  Ypos = y1;
}


void penUp() { 
  penServo.write(penZUp);  
  delay(LineDelay); 
  Zpos=Zmax; 
  if (verbose) { 
    Serial.println("Pen  up!"); 
  } 
}
void penDown() { 
  penServo.write(penZDown); 
  delay(LineDelay);  
  Zpos=Zmin; 
  if (verbose) { 
    Serial.println("Pen down."); 
  } 
}

SOFTWARE

c_cpp

1#include <Stepper.h>
2#include <Servo.h>
3#define LINE_BUFFER_LENGTH
4  512
5
6const int penZUp = 40;
7const int penZDown = 80;
8
9const int penServoPin
10  = 6;
11
12
13const int stepsPerRevolution = 60; 
14
15Servo penServo;  
16
17Stepper
18  myStepperY(stepsPerRevolution, 5,3,4,2);            
19Stepper myStepperX(stepsPerRevolution,
20  11,9,10,8);  
21
22struct point { 
23  float x; 
24  float y; 
25  float z;
26  
27};
28
29struct point actuatorPos;
30
31float StepInc = 1;
32int StepDelay
33  = 0;
34int LineDelay = 50;
35int penDelay = 50;
36
37float StepsPerMillimeterX
38  = 100.0;
39float StepsPerMillimeterY = 100.0;
40
41float Xmin = 0;
42float Xmax
43  = 100;
44float Ymin = 0;
45float Ymax = 100;
46float Zmin = 0;
47float Zmax
48  = 1;
49
50float Xpos = Xmin;
51float Ypos = Ymin;
52float Zpos = Zmax; 
53
54boolean
55  verbose = false;
56
57void setup() {
58  Serial.begin( 9600 );
59  
60  penServo.attach(penServoPin);
61
62  penServo.write(penZUp);
63  delay(200);
64
65  myStepperX.setSpeed(200);
66
67  myStepperY.setSpeed(200);  
68
69  Serial.println("Mini CNC Plotter alive and
70  kicking!");
71  Serial.print("X range is from "); 
72  Serial.print(Xmin);
73  
74  Serial.print(" to "); 
75  Serial.print(Xmax); 
76  Serial.println("
77  mm."); 
78  Serial.print("Y range is from "); 
79  Serial.print(Ymin); 
80
81  Serial.print(" to "); 
82  Serial.print(Ymax); 
83  Serial.println(" mm.");
84  
85}
86
87void loop() 
88{
89  delay(200);
90  char line[ LINE_BUFFER_LENGTH
91  ];
92  char c;
93  int lineIndex;
94  bool lineIsComment, lineSemiColon;
95
96
97  lineIndex = 0;
98  lineSemiColon = false;
99  lineIsComment = false;
100
101
102  while (1) {
103
104    while ( Serial.available()>0 ) {
105      c = Serial.read();
106
107      if (( c == '\
108') || (c == '\
') ) {             
109        if ( lineIndex
110  > 0 ) {                        
111          line[ lineIndex ] = '\\0';                   
112
113          if (verbose) { 
114            Serial.print( "Received : "); 
115            Serial.println(
116  line ); 
117          }
118          processIncomingLine( line, lineIndex );
119
120          lineIndex = 0;
121        } 
122        else { 
123          
124        }
125
126        lineIsComment = false;
127        lineSemiColon = false;
128        Serial.println("ok");
129    
130      } 
131      else {
132        if ( (lineIsComment) || (lineSemiColon)
133  ) {   // Throw away all comment characters
134          if ( c == ')' )  lineIsComment
135  = false;     // End of comment. Resume line.
136        } 
137        else {
138
139          if ( c <= ' ' ) {                           // Throw away whitepace and
140  control characters
141          } 
142          else if ( c == '/' ) {                    //
143  Block delete not supported. Ignore character.
144          } 
145          else
146  if ( c == '(' ) {                    // Enable comments flag and ignore all characters
147  until ')' or EOL.
148            lineIsComment = true;
149          } 
150          else
151  if ( c == ';' ) {
152            lineSemiColon = true;
153          } 
154          else
155  if ( lineIndex >= LINE_BUFFER_LENGTH-1 ) {
156            Serial.println( "ERROR
157  - lineBuffer overflow" );
158            lineIsComment = false;
159            lineSemiColon
160  = false;
161          } 
162          else if ( c >= 'a' && c <= 'z' ) {        //
163  Upcase lowercase
164            line[ lineIndex++ ] = c-'a'+'A';
165          }
166  
167          else {
168            line[ lineIndex++ ] = c;
169          }
170
171        }
172      }
173    }
174  }
175}
176
177void processIncomingLine( char*
178  line, int charNB ) {
179  int currentIndex = 0;
180  char buffer[ 64 ];                                 //
181  Hope that 64 is enough for 1 parameter
182  struct point newPos;
183
184  newPos.x
185  = 0.0;
186  newPos.y = 0.0;
187
188  //  Needs to interpret 
189  //  G1 for moving
190
191  //  G4 P300 (wait 150ms)
192  //  G1 X60 Y30
193  //  G1 X30 Y50
194  //  M300
195  S30 (pen down)
196  //  M300 S50 (pen up)
197  //  Discard anything with a (
198
199  //  Discard any other command!
200
201  while( currentIndex < charNB ) {
202    switch
203  ( line[ currentIndex++ ] ) {              // Select command, if any
204    case
205  'U':
206      penUp(); 
207      break;
208    case 'D':
209      penDown(); 
210
211      break;
212    case 'G':
213      buffer[0] = line[ currentIndex++ ];          //
214  /!\Dirty - Only works with 2 digit commands
215      //      buffer[1] = line[
216  currentIndex++ ];
217      //      buffer[2] = '\\0';
218      buffer[1] = '\\0';
219
220
221      switch ( atoi( buffer ) ){                   // Select G command
222      case
223  0:                                   // G00 & G01 - Movement or fast movement. Same
224  here
225      case 1:
226        // /!\Dirty - Suppose that X is before Y
227
228        char* indexX = strchr( line+currentIndex, 'X' );  // Get X/Y position in
229  the string (if any)
230        char* indexY = strchr( line+currentIndex, 'Y' );
231
232        if ( indexY <= 0 ) {
233          newPos.x = atof( indexX + 1); 
234          newPos.y
235  = actuatorPos.y;
236        } 
237        else if ( indexX <= 0 ) {
238          newPos.y
239  = atof( indexY + 1);
240          newPos.x = actuatorPos.x;
241        } 
242        else
243  {
244          newPos.y = atof( indexY + 1);
245          indexY = '\\0';
246          newPos.x
247  = atof( indexX + 1);
248        }
249        drawLine(newPos.x, newPos.y );
250
251        //        Serial.println("ok");
252        actuatorPos.x = newPos.x;
253
254        actuatorPos.y = newPos.y;
255        break;
256      }
257      break;
258
259    case 'M':
260      buffer[0] = line[ currentIndex++ ];        // /!\Dirty
261  - Only works with 3 digit commands
262      buffer[1] = line[ currentIndex++ ];
263
264      buffer[2] = line[ currentIndex++ ];
265      buffer[3] = '\\0';
266      switch
267  ( atoi( buffer ) ){
268      case 300:
269        {
270          char* indexS =
271  strchr( line+currentIndex, 'S' );
272          float Spos = atof( indexS + 1);
273
274          //          Serial.println("ok");
275          if (Spos == 30) { 
276
277            penDown(); 
278          }
279          if (Spos == 50) { 
280            penUp();
281  
282          }
283          break;
284        }
285      case 114:                                //
286  M114 - Repport position
287        Serial.print( "Absolute position : X = " );
288
289        Serial.print( actuatorPos.x );
290        Serial.print( "  -  Y = " );
291
292        Serial.println( actuatorPos.y );
293        break;
294      default:
295
296        Serial.print( "Command not recognized : M");
297        Serial.println(
298  buffer );
299      }
300    }
301  }
302
303
304
305}
306
307
308
309void drawLine(float
310  x1, float y1) {
311
312  if (verbose)
313  {
314    Serial.print("fx1, fy1: ");
315
316    Serial.print(x1);
317    Serial.print(",");
318    Serial.print(y1);
319    Serial.println("");
320
321  }  
322
323  
324  if (x1 >= Xmax) { 
325    x1 = Xmax; 
326  }
327  if (x1 <=
328  Xmin) { 
329    x1 = Xmin; 
330  }
331  if (y1 >= Ymax) { 
332    y1 = Ymax; 
333
334  }
335  if (y1 <= Ymin) { 
336    y1 = Ymin; 
337  }
338
339  if (verbose)
340
341  {
342    Serial.print("Xpos, Ypos: ");
343    Serial.print(Xpos);
344    Serial.print(",");
345
346    Serial.print(Ypos);
347    Serial.println("");
348  }
349
350  if (verbose)
351
352  {
353    Serial.print("x1, y1: ");
354    Serial.print(x1);
355    Serial.print(",");
356
357    Serial.print(y1);
358    Serial.println("");
359  }
360
361  //  Convert coordinates
362  to steps
363  x1 = (int)(x1*StepsPerMillimeterX);
364  y1 = (int)(y1*StepsPerMillimeterY);
365
366  float x0 = Xpos;
367  float y0 = Ypos;
368
369  //  Let's find out the change
370  for the coordinates
371  long dx = abs(x1-x0);
372  long dy = abs(y1-y0);
373  int
374  sx = x0<x1 ? StepInc : -StepInc;
375  int sy = y0<y1 ? StepInc : -StepInc;
376
377
378  long i;
379  long over = 0;
380
381  if (dx > dy) {
382    for (i=0; i<dx; ++i)
383  {
384      myStepperX.step(sx);
385      over+=dy;
386      if (over>=dx) {
387
388        over-=dx;
389        myStepperY.step(sy);
390      }
391      delay(StepDelay);
392
393    }
394  }
395  else {
396    for (i=0; i<dy; ++i) {
397      myStepperY.step(sy);
398
399      over+=dx;
400      if (over>=dy) {
401        over-=dy;
402        myStepperX.step(sx);
403
404      }
405      delay(StepDelay);
406    }    
407  }
408
409  if (verbose)
410
411  {
412    Serial.print("dx, dy:");
413    Serial.print(dx);
414    Serial.print(",");
415
416    Serial.print(dy);
417    Serial.println("");
418  }
419
420  if (verbose)
421
422  {
423    Serial.print("Going to (");
424    Serial.print(x0);
425    Serial.print(",");
426
427    Serial.print(y0);
428    Serial.println(")");
429  }
430
431  
432  delay(LineDelay);
433
434  
435  Xpos = x1;
436  Ypos = y1;
437}
438
439
440void penUp() { 
441  penServo.write(penZUp);
442  
443  delay(LineDelay); 
444  Zpos=Zmax; 
445  if (verbose) { 
446    Serial.println("Pen
447  up!"); 
448  } 
449}
450void penDown() { 
451  penServo.write(penZDown); 
452  delay(LineDelay);
453  
454  Zpos=Zmin; 
455  if (verbose) { 
456    Serial.println("Pen down."); 
457
458  } 
459}

#include <Stepper.h>
#include <Servo.h>
#define LINE_BUFFER_LENGTH
  512

const int penZUp = 40;
const int penZDown = 80;

const int penServoPin
  = 6;


const int stepsPerRevolution = 60; 

Servo penServo;  

Stepper
  myStepperY(stepsPerRevolution, 5,3,4,2);            
Stepper myStepperX(stepsPerRevolution,
  11,9,10,8);  

struct point { 
  float x; 
  float y; 
  float z;
  
};

struct point actuatorPos;

float StepInc = 1;
int StepDelay
  = 0;
int LineDelay = 50;
int penDelay = 50;

float StepsPerMillimeterX
  = 100.0;
float StepsPerMillimeterY = 100.0;

float Xmin = 0;
float Xmax
  = 100;
float Ymin = 0;
float Ymax = 100;
float Zmin = 0;
float Zmax
  = 1;

float Xpos = Xmin;
float Ypos = Ymin;
float Zpos = Zmax; 

boolean
  verbose = false;

void setup() {
  Serial.begin( 9600 );
  
  penServo.attach(penServoPin);

  penServo.write(penZUp);
  delay(200);

  myStepperX.setSpeed(200);

  myStepperY.setSpeed(200);  

  Serial.println("Mini CNC Plotter alive and
  kicking!");
  Serial.print("X range is from "); 
  Serial.print(Xmin);
  
  Serial.print(" to "); 
  Serial.print(Xmax); 
  Serial.println("
  mm."); 
  Serial.print("Y range is from "); 
  Serial.print(Ymin); 

  Serial.print(" to "); 
  Serial.print(Ymax); 
  Serial.println(" mm.");
  
}

void loop() 
{
  delay(200);
  char line[ LINE_BUFFER_LENGTH
  ];
  char c;
  int lineIndex;
  bool lineIsComment, lineSemiColon;


  lineIndex = 0;
  lineSemiColon = false;
  lineIsComment = false;


  while (1) {

    while ( Serial.available()>0 ) {
      c = Serial.read();

      if (( c == '\
') || (c == '\
') ) {             
        if ( lineIndex
  > 0 ) {                        
          line[ lineIndex ] = '\\0';                   

          if (verbose) { 
            Serial.print( "Received : "); 
            Serial.println(
  line ); 
          }
          processIncomingLine( line, lineIndex );

          lineIndex = 0;
        } 
        else { 
          
        }

        lineIsComment = false;
        lineSemiColon = false;
        Serial.println("ok");
    
      } 
      else {
        if ( (lineIsComment) || (lineSemiColon)
  ) {   // Throw away all comment characters
          if ( c == ')' )  lineIsComment
  = false;     // End of comment. Resume line.
        } 
        else {

          if ( c <= ' ' ) {                           // Throw away whitepace and
  control characters
          } 
          else if ( c == '/' ) {                    //
  Block delete not supported. Ignore character.
          } 
          else
  if ( c == '(' ) {                    // Enable comments flag and ignore all characters
  until ')' or EOL.
            lineIsComment = true;
          } 
          else
  if ( c == ';' ) {
            lineSemiColon = true;
          } 
          else
  if ( lineIndex >= LINE_BUFFER_LENGTH-1 ) {
            Serial.println( "ERROR
  - lineBuffer overflow" );
            lineIsComment = false;
            lineSemiColon
  = false;
          } 
          else if ( c >= 'a' && c <= 'z' ) {        //
  Upcase lowercase
            line[ lineIndex++ ] = c-'a'+'A';
          }
  
          else {
            line[ lineIndex++ ] = c;
          }

        }
      }
    }
  }
}

void processIncomingLine( char*
  line, int charNB ) {
  int currentIndex = 0;
  char buffer[ 64 ];                                 //
  Hope that 64 is enough for 1 parameter
  struct point newPos;

  newPos.x
  = 0.0;
  newPos.y = 0.0;

  //  Needs to interpret 
  //  G1 for moving

  //  G4 P300 (wait 150ms)
  //  G1 X60 Y30
  //  G1 X30 Y50
  //  M300
  S30 (pen down)
  //  M300 S50 (pen up)
  //  Discard anything with a (

  //  Discard any other command!

  while( currentIndex < charNB ) {
    switch
  ( line[ currentIndex++ ] ) {              // Select command, if any
    case
  'U':
      penUp(); 
      break;
    case 'D':
      penDown(); 

      break;
    case 'G':
      buffer[0] = line[ currentIndex++ ];          //
  /!\Dirty - Only works with 2 digit commands
      //      buffer[1] = line[
  currentIndex++ ];
      //      buffer[2] = '\\0';
      buffer[1] = '\\0';


      switch ( atoi( buffer ) ){                   // Select G command
      case
  0:                                   // G00 & G01 - Movement or fast movement. Same
  here
      case 1:
        // /!\Dirty - Suppose that X is before Y

        char* indexX = strchr( line+currentIndex, 'X' );  // Get X/Y position in
  the string (if any)
        char* indexY = strchr( line+currentIndex, 'Y' );

        if ( indexY <= 0 ) {
          newPos.x = atof( indexX + 1); 
          newPos.y
  = actuatorPos.y;
        } 
        else if ( indexX <= 0 ) {
          newPos.y
  = atof( indexY + 1);
          newPos.x = actuatorPos.x;
        } 
        else
  {
          newPos.y = atof( indexY + 1);
          indexY = '\\0';
          newPos.x
  = atof( indexX + 1);
        }
        drawLine(newPos.x, newPos.y );

        //        Serial.println("ok");
        actuatorPos.x = newPos.x;

        actuatorPos.y = newPos.y;
        break;
      }
      break;

    case 'M':
      buffer[0] = line[ currentIndex++ ];        // /!\Dirty
  - Only works with 3 digit commands
      buffer[1] = line[ currentIndex++ ];

      buffer[2] = line[ currentIndex++ ];
      buffer[3] = '\\0';
      switch
  ( atoi( buffer ) ){
      case 300:
        {
          char* indexS =
  strchr( line+currentIndex, 'S' );
          float Spos = atof( indexS + 1);

          //          Serial.println("ok");
          if (Spos == 30) { 

            penDown(); 
          }
          if (Spos == 50) { 
            penUp();
  
          }
          break;
        }
      case 114:                                //
  M114 - Repport position
        Serial.print( "Absolute position : X = " );

        Serial.print( actuatorPos.x );
        Serial.print( "  -  Y = " );

        Serial.println( actuatorPos.y );
        break;
      default:

        Serial.print( "Command not recognized : M");
        Serial.println(
  buffer );
      }
    }
  }



}



void drawLine(float
  x1, float y1) {

  if (verbose)
  {
    Serial.print("fx1, fy1: ");

    Serial.print(x1);
    Serial.print(",");
    Serial.print(y1);
    Serial.println("");

  }  

  
  if (x1 >= Xmax) { 
    x1 = Xmax; 
  }
  if (x1 <=
  Xmin) { 
    x1 = Xmin; 
  }
  if (y1 >= Ymax) { 
    y1 = Ymax; 

  }
  if (y1 <= Ymin) { 
    y1 = Ymin; 
  }

  if (verbose)

  {
    Serial.print("Xpos, Ypos: ");
    Serial.print(Xpos);
    Serial.print(",");

    Serial.print(Ypos);
    Serial.println("");
  }

  if (verbose)

  {
    Serial.print("x1, y1: ");
    Serial.print(x1);
    Serial.print(",");

    Serial.print(y1);
    Serial.println("");
  }

  //  Convert coordinates
  to steps
  x1 = (int)(x1*StepsPerMillimeterX);
  y1 = (int)(y1*StepsPerMillimeterY);

  float x0 = Xpos;
  float y0 = Ypos;

  //  Let's find out the change
  for the coordinates
  long dx = abs(x1-x0);
  long dy = abs(y1-y0);
  int
  sx = x0<x1 ? StepInc : -StepInc;
  int sy = y0<y1 ? StepInc : -StepInc;


  long i;
  long over = 0;

  if (dx > dy) {
    for (i=0; i<dx; ++i)
  {
      myStepperX.step(sx);
      over+=dy;
      if (over>=dx) {

        over-=dx;
        myStepperY.step(sy);
      }
      delay(StepDelay);

    }
  }
  else {
    for (i=0; i<dy; ++i) {
      myStepperY.step(sy);

      over+=dx;
      if (over>=dy) {
        over-=dy;
        myStepperX.step(sx);

      }
      delay(StepDelay);
    }    
  }

  if (verbose)

  {
    Serial.print("dx, dy:");
    Serial.print(dx);
    Serial.print(",");

    Serial.print(dy);
    Serial.println("");
  }

  if (verbose)

  {
    Serial.print("Going to (");
    Serial.print(x0);
    Serial.print(",");

    Serial.print(y0);
    Serial.println(")");
  }

  
  delay(LineDelay);

  
  Xpos = x1;
  Ypos = y1;
}


void penUp() { 
  penServo.write(penZUp);
  
  delay(LineDelay); 
  Zpos=Zmax; 
  if (verbose) { 
    Serial.println("Pen
  up!"); 
  } 
}
void penDown() { 
  penServo.write(penZDown); 
  delay(LineDelay);
  
  Zpos=Zmin; 
  if (verbose) { 
    Serial.println("Pen down."); 

  } 
}

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