Fourier Box

Using a blue laser and phosphorescent paper to illustrate what it means to sketch a sine wave around a circle.

May 27, 2019

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7148 views

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5 respects

art

internet of things

Components and supplies

Stepper Motor, Mini Step

Arduino UNO

Rotary Encoder with Push-Button

Development Board, Motor Control Shield

Tools and machines

Laser cutter (generic)

Apps and platforms

Arduino IDE

Project description

Code

Arduino : Dual run

arduino

Use this code to run the entire machine off of one shield. This is at the risk of putting too much strain on the motor shield.

1//Need to download the AFMotor library.
2
3#include <AFMotor.h>
4#define  pinA A0
5#define pinB A2
6
7AF_Stepper motor2(200, 1);
8AF_Stepper motor(200,  2);
9long previousMillis = 0;
10int lLim = 1; 
11int uLim = 75; // Set max speed
12double  ti;
13double inp;
14double cosine;
15double nn;
16double pi = 3.1415926535;
17int  sinSpeed = 126;  /*  How fast the sin wave is going. This is not on the same scale  as the motor speeds. In my case, 126 matched up with 16 to draw a cardioid.  */
18
19int  value = 0; 
20int aState;
21int aLastState;
22
23void setup() {
24  Serial.begin(9600);
25  Serial.println("program initiated...");
26  pinMode(pinA, INPUT);
27  pinMode(pinB,  INPUT);
28  Serial.begin(9600);
29  aLastState = digitalRead(pinA);
30}
31
32void  loop() {
33  aState = digitalRead(pinA); 
34  if (aState != aLastState){     
35    if (digitalRead(pinB) != aState) { 
36      value ++;
37    } else {
38      value  --;
39    }
40    Serial.print("Position: ");
41    Serial.println(value);
42  }
43  aLastState = aState;
44  
45  int in = -200;
46  while (in < 200){
47    double cosine = cos( (in * pi) / 400);
48    double nn = abs(cosine);
49    motor.setSpeed((nn+0.1)*sinSpeed);
50    motor.step(1, FORWARD, DOUBLE);
51    in++;
52  }
53  
54  in = -200;
55  while (in < 200){
56    double cosine = cos( (in * pi) / 400);
57    double  nn = abs(cosine);
58    motor.setSpeed((nn+0.1)*sinSpeed);
59    motor.step(1,  BACKWARD, DOUBLE);
60    in++;
61  }
62
63  if (value<lLim){
64    value =  0;
65  }
66  if (value>uLim){
67    value = uLim;
68  }
69  if ((millis() -  previousMillis) >= value){
70    motor2.step(1, FORWARD, DOUBLE);
71    previousMillis  = millis();
72  }
73}
74

//Need to download the AFMotor library.

#include <AFMotor.h>
#define  pinA A0
#define pinB A2

AF_Stepper motor2(200, 1);
AF_Stepper motor(200,  2);
long previousMillis = 0;
int lLim = 1; 
int uLim = 75; // Set max speed
double  ti;
double inp;
double cosine;
double nn;
double pi = 3.1415926535;
int  sinSpeed = 126;  /*  How fast the sin wave is going. This is not on the same scale  as the motor speeds. In my case, 126 matched up with 16 to draw a cardioid.  */

int  value = 0; 
int aState;
int aLastState;

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  Serial.println("program initiated...");
  pinMode(pinA, INPUT);
  pinMode(pinB,  INPUT);
  Serial.begin(9600);
  aLastState = digitalRead(pinA);
}

void  loop() {
  aState = digitalRead(pinA); 
  if (aState != aLastState){     
    if (digitalRead(pinB) != aState) { 
      value ++;
    } else {
      value  --;
    }
    Serial.print("Position: ");
    Serial.println(value);
  }
  aLastState = aState;
  
  int in = -200;
  while (in < 200){
    double cosine = cos( (in * pi) / 400);
    double nn = abs(cosine);
    motor.setSpeed((nn+0.1)*sinSpeed);
    motor.step(1, FORWARD, DOUBLE);
    in++;
  }
  
  in = -200;
  while (in < 200){
    double cosine = cos( (in * pi) / 400);
    double  nn = abs(cosine);
    motor.setSpeed((nn+0.1)*sinSpeed);
    motor.step(1,  BACKWARD, DOUBLE);
    in++;
  }

  if (value<lLim){
    value =  0;
  }
  if (value>uLim){
    value = uLim;
  }
  if ((millis() -  previousMillis) >= value){
    motor2.step(1, FORWARD, DOUBLE);
    previousMillis  = millis();
  }
}

Arduino : Dual run

arduino

Use this code to run the entire machine off of one shield. This is at the risk of putting too much strain on the motor shield.

1//Need to download the AFMotor library.
2
3#include <AFMotor.h>
4#define   pinA A0
5#define pinB A2
6
7AF_Stepper motor2(200, 1);
8AF_Stepper motor(200,   2);
9long previousMillis = 0;
10int lLim = 1; 
11int uLim = 75; // Set max speed
12double   ti;
13double inp;
14double cosine;
15double nn;
16double pi = 3.1415926535;
17int   sinSpeed = 126;  /*  How fast the sin wave is going. This is not on the same scale   as the motor speeds. In my case, 126 matched up with 16 to draw a cardioid.  */
18
19int   value = 0; 
20int aState;
21int aLastState;
22
23void setup() {
24  Serial.begin(9600);
25   Serial.println("program initiated...");
26  pinMode(pinA, INPUT);
27  pinMode(pinB,   INPUT);
28  Serial.begin(9600);
29  aLastState = digitalRead(pinA);
30}
31
32void   loop() {
33  aState = digitalRead(pinA); 
34  if (aState != aLastState){     
35     if (digitalRead(pinB) != aState) { 
36      value ++;
37    } else {
38      value   --;
39    }
40    Serial.print("Position: ");
41    Serial.println(value);
42   }
43  aLastState = aState;
44  
45  int in = -200;
46  while (in < 200){
47     double cosine = cos( (in * pi) / 400);
48    double nn = abs(cosine);
49    motor.setSpeed((nn+0.1)*sinSpeed);
50     motor.step(1, FORWARD, DOUBLE);
51    in++;
52  }
53  
54  in = -200;
55   while (in < 200){
56    double cosine = cos( (in * pi) / 400);
57    double   nn = abs(cosine);
58    motor.setSpeed((nn+0.1)*sinSpeed);
59    motor.step(1,   BACKWARD, DOUBLE);
60    in++;
61  }
62
63  if (value<lLim){
64    value =   0;
65  }
66  if (value>uLim){
67    value = uLim;
68  }
69  if ((millis() -   previousMillis) >= value){
70    motor2.step(1, FORWARD, DOUBLE);
71    previousMillis   = millis();
72  }
73}
74

//Need to download the AFMotor library.

#include <AFMotor.h>
#define   pinA A0
#define pinB A2

AF_Stepper motor2(200, 1);
AF_Stepper motor(200,   2);
long previousMillis = 0;
int lLim = 1; 
int uLim = 75; // Set max speed
double   ti;
double inp;
double cosine;
double nn;
double pi = 3.1415926535;
int   sinSpeed = 126;  /*  How fast the sin wave is going. This is not on the same scale   as the motor speeds. In my case, 126 matched up with 16 to draw a cardioid.  */

int   value = 0; 
int aState;
int aLastState;

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
   Serial.println("program initiated...");
  pinMode(pinA, INPUT);
  pinMode(pinB,   INPUT);
  Serial.begin(9600);
  aLastState = digitalRead(pinA);
}

void   loop() {
  aState = digitalRead(pinA); 
  if (aState != aLastState){     
     if (digitalRead(pinB) != aState) { 
      value ++;
    } else {
      value   --;
    }
    Serial.print("Position: ");
    Serial.println(value);
   }
  aLastState = aState;
  
  int in = -200;
  while (in < 200){
     double cosine = cos( (in * pi) / 400);
    double nn = abs(cosine);
    motor.setSpeed((nn+0.1)*sinSpeed);
     motor.step(1, FORWARD, DOUBLE);
    in++;
  }
  
  in = -200;
   while (in < 200){
    double cosine = cos( (in * pi) / 400);
    double   nn = abs(cosine);
    motor.setSpeed((nn+0.1)*sinSpeed);
    motor.step(1,   BACKWARD, DOUBLE);
    in++;
  }

  if (value<lLim){
    value =   0;
  }
  if (value>uLim){
    value = uLim;
  }
  if ((millis() -   previousMillis) >= value){
    motor2.step(1, FORWARD, DOUBLE);
    previousMillis   = millis();
  }
}

Arduino 1 : Sine Wave

arduino

1
2
3double ti;
4double inp;
5double cosine;
6double nn;
7double  pi = 3.1415926535;
8int sinSpeed = 126;  // How fast the arm is moving back and  forth
9
10
11#include <AFMotor.h>
12
13AF_Stepper motor(200, 2); // 200 steps  per rotation
14
15void setup() {
16  Serial.begin(9600);
17  Serial.println("Stepper  test!");
18}
19
20void loop() {
21  Moto1();
22}
23
24void Moto1() {
25
26  Serial.println("Moto1 init");  
27  
28/*
29With the rack and pinion gears  I printed, it is 400 steps from the center of the circle to the edge. Change entries  in "@@" marked lines to half the number of steps.
30*/
31  int in = -200; //@@
32  while (in < 200){ //@@
33    double cosine = cos( (in * pi) / 400);
34    double  nn = abs(cosine);
35    motor.setSpeed((nn+0.1)*sinSpeed);
36    motor.step(1,  FORWARD, DOUBLE);
37    in++;
38  }
39  
40  in = -200; //@@
41  while (in  < 200){ //@@
42    double cosine = cos( (in * pi) / 400);
43    double nn = abs(cosine);
44    motor.setSpeed((nn+0.1)*sinSpeed);
45    motor.step(1, BACKWARD, DOUBLE);
46    in++;
47  }
48  
49}
50


double ti;
double inp;
double cosine;
double nn;
double  pi = 3.1415926535;
int sinSpeed = 126;  // How fast the arm is moving back and  forth


#include <AFMotor.h>

AF_Stepper motor(200, 2); // 200 steps  per rotation

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  Serial.println("Stepper  test!");
}

void loop() {
  Moto1();
}

void Moto1() {

  Serial.println("Moto1 init");  
  
/*
With the rack and pinion gears  I printed, it is 400 steps from the center of the circle to the edge. Change entries  in "@@" marked lines to half the number of steps.
*/
  int in = -200; //@@
  while (in < 200){ //@@
    double cosine = cos( (in * pi) / 400);
    double  nn = abs(cosine);
    motor.setSpeed((nn+0.1)*sinSpeed);
    motor.step(1,  FORWARD, DOUBLE);
    in++;
  }
  
  in = -200; //@@
  while (in  < 200){ //@@
    double cosine = cos( (in * pi) / 400);
    double nn = abs(cosine);
    motor.setSpeed((nn+0.1)*sinSpeed);
    motor.step(1, BACKWARD, DOUBLE);
    in++;
  }
  
}

Arduino 1 : Sine Wave

arduino

1
2
3double ti;
4double inp;
5double cosine;
6double nn;
7double
8  pi = 3.1415926535;
9int sinSpeed = 126;  // How fast the arm is moving back and
10  forth
11
12
13#include <AFMotor.h>
14
15AF_Stepper motor(200, 2); // 200 steps
16  per rotation
17
18void setup() {
19  Serial.begin(9600);
20  Serial.println("Stepper
21  test!");
22}
23
24void loop() {
25  Moto1();
26}
27
28void Moto1() {
29
30
31  Serial.println("Moto1 init");  
32  
33/*
34With the rack and pinion gears
35  I printed, it is 400 steps from the center of the circle to the edge. Change entries
36  in "@@" marked lines to half the number of steps.
37*/
38  int in = -200; //@@
39
40  while (in < 200){ //@@
41    double cosine = cos( (in * pi) / 400);
42    double
43  nn = abs(cosine);
44    motor.setSpeed((nn+0.1)*sinSpeed);
45    motor.step(1,
46  FORWARD, DOUBLE);
47    in++;
48  }
49  
50  in = -200; //@@
51  while (in
52  < 200){ //@@
53    double cosine = cos( (in * pi) / 400);
54    double nn = abs(cosine);
55
56    motor.setSpeed((nn+0.1)*sinSpeed);
57    motor.step(1, BACKWARD, DOUBLE);
58
59    in++;
60  }
61  
62}
63


double ti;
double inp;
double cosine;
double nn;
double
  pi = 3.1415926535;
int sinSpeed = 126;  // How fast the arm is moving back and
  forth


#include <AFMotor.h>

AF_Stepper motor(200, 2); // 200 steps
  per rotation

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  Serial.println("Stepper
  test!");
}

void loop() {
  Moto1();
}

void Moto1() {


  Serial.println("Moto1 init");  
  
/*
With the rack and pinion gears
  I printed, it is 400 steps from the center of the circle to the edge. Change entries
  in "@@" marked lines to half the number of steps.
*/
  int in = -200; //@@

  while (in < 200){ //@@
    double cosine = cos( (in * pi) / 400);
    double
  nn = abs(cosine);
    motor.setSpeed((nn+0.1)*sinSpeed);
    motor.step(1,
  FORWARD, DOUBLE);
    in++;
  }
  
  in = -200; //@@
  while (in
  < 200){ //@@
    double cosine = cos( (in * pi) / 400);
    double nn = abs(cosine);

    motor.setSpeed((nn+0.1)*sinSpeed);
    motor.step(1, BACKWARD, DOUBLE);

    in++;
  }
  
}

Arduino 2 : Base Motor

arduino

1#include <AFMotor.h>
2#define pinA A0
3#define pinB A2
4
5AF_Stepper  motor2(200, 1);
6
7void setup() {
8  pinMode(pinA, INPUT);
9  pinmode(pinB,  INPUT);
10
11}
12
13void loop() {
14  aState = digitalRead(pinA); 
15  if  (aState != aLastState){     
16    if (digitalRead(pinB) != aState) { 
17      value  ++;
18    } else {
19      value --;
20    }
21    Serial.print("Position:  ");
22    Serial.println(value);
23  } 
24  motor2.setSpeed(value);
25  motor2.step(1,  FORWARD, DOUBLE);
26}
27

#include <AFMotor.h>
#define pinA A0
#define pinB A2

AF_Stepper  motor2(200, 1);

void setup() {
  pinMode(pinA, INPUT);
  pinmode(pinB,  INPUT);

}

void loop() {
  aState = digitalRead(pinA); 
  if  (aState != aLastState){     
    if (digitalRead(pinB) != aState) { 
      value  ++;
    } else {
      value --;
    }
    Serial.print("Position:  ");
    Serial.println(value);
  } 
  motor2.setSpeed(value);
  motor2.step(1,  FORWARD, DOUBLE);
}

Downloadable files

Arduino Wiring Circut (Dual)

Use it to run both motors off of one arduino and shield

Arduino Wiring Circut (Dual)

Use it to run both motors off of one arduino and shield

Arduino Wiring Circut (Dual)

Documentation

Rack and Pinion

Laser cut this from acrylic.

Rack and Pinion

Base box cad file

Laser cut this from plywood. It is the base for the project.

Base box cad file

Laser cut this from plywood. It is the base for the project.

Base box cad file

Rack and Pinion

Laser cut this from acrylic.

Rack and Pinion

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jvantyn

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