A Switch Library for Arduino & ESP 32 Microcontrollers

Switches can be troublesome! This library for controlling different types of switch and switch circuits can remove much of the hassle.

Mar 16, 2021

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Components and supplies

LED (generic)

Toggle Switch, Toggle

Breadboard (generic)

Tactile Switch, Top Actuated

Arduino UNO

Resistor 10k ohm

Resistor 220 ohm

ESP32S

Relay (generic)

Jumper wires (generic)

Apps and platforms

Arduino IDE

Project description

Code

ez switch library, .cpp file

c_cpp

Library code file

1// Arduino Switch Library for configuring different switch type wired
2//   in common circuit schemes.
3//
4// Ron Bentley, Stafford (UK), March 2021, version   2.0
5//
6// This example and code is in the public domain and
7// may be used   without restriction and without warranty.
8//
9
10#include <Arduino.h>
11#include   <ez_switch_lib.h>
12
13// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
14//   Set up switch cotrol structure and initialise internal variables.
15// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
16
17Switches::Switches(byte   max_switches)
18{
19  // Establish the switch control structure (switches) of   the size required.
20  //
21  switches = (switch_control *)malloc(sizeof(*switches)   * max_switches);
22  if (switches == NULL) {
23    // malloc failure
24    Serial.begin(115200);
25     Serial.println("!!Failure to acquire memory of required size - PROGRAM TERMINATED!!");
26     Serial.flush();
27    exit(1);
28  }
29
30  // Initialise private variables
31   _num_entries  = 0;            // will be incremented each time a switch is added,   up to _max_switches
32  _max_switches = max_switches; // transfer to internal variable
33}
34
35//   %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
36// Generic switch read function.
37//   Read the switch defined by the function parameter.
38// Function returns a value   indicating if the switch
39// has undergone a transition or not.
40// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
41
42bool   Switches::read_switch(byte sw) {
43  bool sw_status;
44  if (sw < 0 || sw >= _num_entries)   return !switched; // out of range, slot 'sw' is not configured with a switch
45   if (switches[sw].switch_type == button_switch) {
46    sw_status = read_button_switch(sw);
47   } else {
48    sw_status = read_toggle_switch(sw);
49  }
50  // now determine   if switch has output pin associated and if switched
51  // flip the output's status,   ie HIGH->LOW, or LOW->HIGH
52  if (sw_status == switched && switches[sw].switch_out_pin   > 0)
53  {
54    // flip the output level of associated switch output pin, if   defined
55    bool status = switches[sw].switch_out_pin_status; // last status   value of out_pin
56    status = HIGH - status;                           // flip   the status value
57    switches[sw].switch_out_pin_status = status;      // update   current status value
58    digitalWrite(switches[sw].switch_out_pin, status);//   change status of linked pin
59  }
60  return sw_status;
61}  // End of read_switch
62
63//   %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
64//   Generic toggle switch read function.
65// Test the toggle switch to see if its   status has changed since last look.
66// Note that although switch status is a   returned value from the function,
67// the current status of the switch ('switches[sw].switch_status')   is always
68// maintained and can be tested outside of the function at any point/time.
69//   It will either have a status of 'on' or '!on' (ie off).
70// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
71
72bool   Switches::read_toggle_switch(byte sw) {
73  byte switch_pin_reading = digitalRead(switches[sw].switch_pin);   // test current state of toggle pin
74  if (switches[sw].switch_circuit_type   == circuit_C2) {
75    // Need to invert HIGH/LOW if circuit design sets
76    //   pin HIGH representing switch in off state.
77    // ie inititialised as INPUT_PULLUP
78     switch_pin_reading = !switch_pin_reading;
79  }
80  if (switch_pin_reading   != switches[sw].switch_status && !switches[sw].switch_pending) {
81    // Switch   change detected so start debounce cycle
82    switches[sw].switch_pending = true;
83     switches[sw].switch_db_start = millis();  // set start of debounce timing
84   }
85  if (switches[sw].switch_pending) {
86    // We are in the switch transition   cycle so check if debounce period has elapsed
87    if (millis() - switches[sw].switch_db_start   >= _debounce) {
88      // Debounce period elapsed so assume switch has settled   down after transition
89      switches[sw].switch_status  = !switches[sw].switch_status;   // flip status
90      switches[sw].switch_pending = false;                        //   cease transition cycle
91      last_switched_id = sw;   // indicates the last switch   to have been processed by read function
92      return switched;
93    }
94  }
95   return !switched;
96} // End of read_toggle_switch
97
98// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
99//   Read button switch function.
100// Generic button switch read function.
101// Reading   is controlled by:
102//   a. the function parameter which indicates which switch
103//       is to be polled, and
104//   b. the switch control struct(ure), referenced   by a).
105//
106// Note that this function works in a nonexclusive way
107// and   incorporates debounce code.
108// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
109
110bool   Switches::read_button_switch(byte sw) {
111  byte switch_pin_reading = digitalRead(switches[sw].switch_pin);
112   if (switch_pin_reading == switches[sw].switch_on_value) {
113    // Switch is   pressed (ON), so start/restart debounce process
114    switches[sw].switch_pending   = true;
115    switches[sw].switch_db_start   = millis();  // start elapse timing
116     return !switched;                           // now waiting for debounce to conclude
117   }
118  if (switches[sw].switch_pending && switch_pin_reading != switches[sw].switch_on_value)   {
119    // Switch was pressed, now released (OFF), so check if debounce time elapsed
120     if (millis() - switches[sw].switch_db_start >= _debounce) {
121      // debounce   time elapsed, so switch press cycle complete
122      switches[sw].switch_pending   = false;
123      last_switched_id = sw;   // indicates the last switch to have   been processed by read function
124      return switched;
125    }
126  }
127  return   !switched;
128}  // End of read_button_switch
129
130// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
131//   Add given switch to switch control structure, but validate
132// given paramters   and ensure there is a free slot.
133//
134// Return values from add_switch are:
135//
136//     >= 0 the switch control structure entry number ('switch_id')
137//         for   the switch added,
138//      -1 add_falure - no slots available in the switch
139//          control structure,
140//      -2 bad_params - given paramter(s) for switch   are
141//         not valid.
142// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
143
144int   Switches::add_switch(byte sw_type, byte sw_pin, byte circ_type) {
145  if ((sw_type   != button_switch && sw_type != toggle_switch) ||
146      (circ_type != circuit_C1   &&
147       circ_type != circuit_C2 &&
148       circ_type != circuit_C3)) return   bad_params;  // bad paramters
149  if (_num_entries < _max_switches) {
150    //   room to add another switch...initialise the switch's
151    // data depending on   type of switch and circuit
152    switches[_num_entries].switch_type    = sw_type;
153     switches[_num_entries].switch_pin     = sw_pin;
154    switches[_num_entries].switch_circuit_type    = circ_type;
155    switches[_num_entries].switch_pending = false;
156    switches[_num_entries].switch_db_start    = 0;
157    // define what on means for this switch:
158    if (circ_type !=   circuit_C2) {
159      // circuit_C1 and circuit_C3 are used with pull down resistors
160       // if circuit_C1 (INPUT) then and external 10k ohm resistor needs to be fitted
161       // to the switch circuit, but if circuit_C3 (INPUT_PULLDOWN) then the resistor
162       // is internal to the microcontroller.
163      // Note that the 'on' state   is represented by HIGH (3.3/5v)
164      switches[_num_entries].switch_on_value   = HIGH;
165    } else {
166      // circuit_C2 (INPUT_PULLUP) with internal microcontroller   pull up resistor
167      // Note that the 'on' state is represented by LOW (0v)
168       switches[_num_entries].switch_on_value = LOW;
169    }
170    if (sw_type   == button_switch) {
171      switches[_num_entries].switch_status = not_used;
172     } else {
173      switches[_num_entries].switch_status = !on;
174    }
175    pinMode(sw_pin,   circ_type);  // establish pin set up
176    // ensure no mapping to an output pin   until created explicitly
177    switches[_num_entries].switch_out_pin        = 0;
178     switches[_num_entries].switch_out_pin_status = LOW;  // set LOW unless explicitly   changed
179
180    _num_entries++;              // point to next free slot
181    return   _num_entries - 1;     // return 'switch_id' - given switch now added to switch control   structure
182  } else return add_failure;     // no room left to add another switch!
183}   // End add_switch
184
185
186// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
187//   Link or delink the given switch to the given digital pin as an output
188// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
189
190int   Switches::link_switch_to_output(byte switch_id, byte output_pin, bool HorL) {
191   if (switch_id > _num_entries) {
192    return link_failure; // no such switch
193   }
194  if (output_pin == 0) {
195    // delink this output from this switch, set   the output to the required level first
196    if (switches[switch_id].switch_out_pin   == 0) {
197      // no output pin previously defined
198      return link_failure;
199     }
200    // set existing pin to level required state before clearing the link
201     digitalWrite(switches[switch_id].switch_out_pin, HorL);
202  } else {
203    //   initialise given output pin
204    pinMode(output_pin, OUTPUT);
205    digitalWrite(output_pin,   HorL); // set to param value until switched
206  }
207  switches[switch_id].switch_out_pin         = output_pin;
208  switches[switch_id].switch_out_pin_status = HorL;
209   return link_success;           // success
210}
211
212// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
213//   Return the number of slots left unused
214// in the switch control structure.
215//   %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
216
217int Switches::num_free_switch_slots()   {
218  return _max_switches - _num_entries;
219} // End num_free_switch_slots
220
221//   %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
222// Set debounce period (milliseconds).
223//   %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
224
225void Switches::set_debounce(int period)   {
226  if (period >= 0)  _debounce = period;
227}  // End set_debounce
228
229//   %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
230// Print given switch control data.
231//   %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
232
233void Switches::print_switch(byte sw)   {
234  if (0 <= sw && sw < _num_entries ) {
235    Serial.print(F("sw_id:   = "));
236     Serial.println(sw);
237    Serial.print(F("sw_type  = "));
238    uint8_t   sw_type = switches[sw].switch_type;
239    if (sw_type == button_switch)Serial.print(F("BUTTON   SWITCH"));
240    else Serial.print(F("TOGGLE SWITCH"));
241    Serial.print(F("   sw_pin  = "));
242    Serial.print(switches[sw].switch_pin);
243    Serial.print(F("\	circ_type   = "));
244    uint8_t circ_type = switches[sw].switch_circuit_type;
245    if (circ_type   == circuit_C1) {
246      Serial.print(F("INPUT/circuit_C1/"));
247    } else   if (circ_type == circuit_C2) {
248      Serial.print(F("INPUT_PULLUP/circuit_C2/"));
249     } else {
250      Serial.print(F("INPUT_PULLDOWN/circuit_C3/"));
251    }
252     Serial.println(circ_type);
253    Serial.print("on_value = ");
254    if (switches[sw].switch_on_value   == HIGH)Serial.print(F("HIGH"));
255    else Serial.print(F("LOW "));
256    Serial.print(F("\	\	sw_status   = "));
257    uint8_t sw_status = switches[sw].switch_status;
258    if (sw_type   == button_switch)Serial.print(F("n/a")); else {
259      if (sw_status == on)Serial.print(F("ON"));
260       else Serial.print(F("OFF"));
261    }
262    Serial.print(F("\	pending    = "));
263    if (switches[sw].switch_pending)Serial.print(F("YES"));
264     else Serial.print(F("NO "));
265    Serial.print(F("\	db_start = "));
266     Serial.print(switches[sw].switch_db_start);
267    Serial.println(F(" msecs"));
268     if (switches[sw].switch_out_pin == 0) {
269      // switch does not have a linked   output
270      Serial.println(F("*** No linked output pin"));
271    } else {
272       // switch has a linked output
273      Serial.print(F("Linked output pin   = "));
274      Serial.print(switches[sw].switch_out_pin);
275      Serial.print(F("\	linked   pin status = "));
276      if (switches[sw].switch_out_pin_status == LOW)Serial.println(F("LOW"));
277       else Serial.println(F("HIGH"));
278    }
279    Serial.println();
280    Serial.flush();
281   }
282} // End print_switch
283
284// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
285//   Print all switch control data set up.
286// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
287
288void   Switches::print_switches() {
289  Serial.println(F("\
290Declared & configured switches:"));
291   for (byte sw = 0; sw < _num_entries; sw++) {
292    print_switch(sw);
293  }
294}   // End print_switches

// Arduino Switch Library for configuring different switch type wired
//   in common circuit schemes.
//
// Ron Bentley, Stafford (UK), March 2021, version   2.0
//
// This example and code is in the public domain and
// may be used   without restriction and without warranty.
//

#include <Arduino.h>
#include   <ez_switch_lib.h>

// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
//   Set up switch cotrol structure and initialise internal variables.
// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

Switches::Switches(byte   max_switches)
{
  // Establish the switch control structure (switches) of   the size required.
  //
  switches = (switch_control *)malloc(sizeof(*switches)   * max_switches);
  if (switches == NULL) {
    // malloc failure
    Serial.begin(115200);
     Serial.println("!!Failure to acquire memory of required size - PROGRAM TERMINATED!!");
     Serial.flush();
    exit(1);
  }

  // Initialise private variables
   _num_entries  = 0;            // will be incremented each time a switch is added,   up to _max_switches
  _max_switches = max_switches; // transfer to internal variable
}

//   %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
// Generic switch read function.
//   Read the switch defined by the function parameter.
// Function returns a value   indicating if the switch
// has undergone a transition or not.
// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

bool   Switches::read_switch(byte sw) {
  bool sw_status;
  if (sw < 0 || sw >= _num_entries)   return !switched; // out of range, slot 'sw' is not configured with a switch
   if (switches[sw].switch_type == button_switch) {
    sw_status = read_button_switch(sw);
   } else {
    sw_status = read_toggle_switch(sw);
  }
  // now determine   if switch has output pin associated and if switched
  // flip the output's status,   ie HIGH->LOW, or LOW->HIGH
  if (sw_status == switched && switches[sw].switch_out_pin   > 0)
  {
    // flip the output level of associated switch output pin, if   defined
    bool status = switches[sw].switch_out_pin_status; // last status   value of out_pin
    status = HIGH - status;                           // flip   the status value
    switches[sw].switch_out_pin_status = status;      // update   current status value
    digitalWrite(switches[sw].switch_out_pin, status);//   change status of linked pin
  }
  return sw_status;
}  // End of read_switch

//   %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
//   Generic toggle switch read function.
// Test the toggle switch to see if its   status has changed since last look.
// Note that although switch status is a   returned value from the function,
// the current status of the switch ('switches[sw].switch_status')   is always
// maintained and can be tested outside of the function at any point/time.
//   It will either have a status of 'on' or '!on' (ie off).
// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

bool   Switches::read_toggle_switch(byte sw) {
  byte switch_pin_reading = digitalRead(switches[sw].switch_pin);   // test current state of toggle pin
  if (switches[sw].switch_circuit_type   == circuit_C2) {
    // Need to invert HIGH/LOW if circuit design sets
    //   pin HIGH representing switch in off state.
    // ie inititialised as INPUT_PULLUP
     switch_pin_reading = !switch_pin_reading;
  }
  if (switch_pin_reading   != switches[sw].switch_status && !switches[sw].switch_pending) {
    // Switch   change detected so start debounce cycle
    switches[sw].switch_pending = true;
     switches[sw].switch_db_start = millis();  // set start of debounce timing
   }
  if (switches[sw].switch_pending) {
    // We are in the switch transition   cycle so check if debounce period has elapsed
    if (millis() - switches[sw].switch_db_start   >= _debounce) {
      // Debounce period elapsed so assume switch has settled   down after transition
      switches[sw].switch_status  = !switches[sw].switch_status;   // flip status
      switches[sw].switch_pending = false;                        //   cease transition cycle
      last_switched_id = sw;   // indicates the last switch   to have been processed by read function
      return switched;
    }
  }
   return !switched;
} // End of read_toggle_switch

// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
//   Read button switch function.
// Generic button switch read function.
// Reading   is controlled by:
//   a. the function parameter which indicates which switch
//       is to be polled, and
//   b. the switch control struct(ure), referenced   by a).
//
// Note that this function works in a nonexclusive way
// and   incorporates debounce code.
// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

bool   Switches::read_button_switch(byte sw) {
  byte switch_pin_reading = digitalRead(switches[sw].switch_pin);
   if (switch_pin_reading == switches[sw].switch_on_value) {
    // Switch is   pressed (ON), so start/restart debounce process
    switches[sw].switch_pending   = true;
    switches[sw].switch_db_start   = millis();  // start elapse timing
     return !switched;                           // now waiting for debounce to conclude
   }
  if (switches[sw].switch_pending && switch_pin_reading != switches[sw].switch_on_value)   {
    // Switch was pressed, now released (OFF), so check if debounce time elapsed
     if (millis() - switches[sw].switch_db_start >= _debounce) {
      // debounce   time elapsed, so switch press cycle complete
      switches[sw].switch_pending   = false;
      last_switched_id = sw;   // indicates the last switch to have   been processed by read function
      return switched;
    }
  }
  return   !switched;
}  // End of read_button_switch

// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
//   Add given switch to switch control structure, but validate
// given paramters   and ensure there is a free slot.
//
// Return values from add_switch are:
//
//     >= 0 the switch control structure entry number ('switch_id')
//         for   the switch added,
//      -1 add_falure - no slots available in the switch
//          control structure,
//      -2 bad_params - given paramter(s) for switch   are
//         not valid.
// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

int   Switches::add_switch(byte sw_type, byte sw_pin, byte circ_type) {
  if ((sw_type   != button_switch && sw_type != toggle_switch) ||
      (circ_type != circuit_C1   &&
       circ_type != circuit_C2 &&
       circ_type != circuit_C3)) return   bad_params;  // bad paramters
  if (_num_entries < _max_switches) {
    //   room to add another switch...initialise the switch's
    // data depending on   type of switch and circuit
    switches[_num_entries].switch_type    = sw_type;
     switches[_num_entries].switch_pin     = sw_pin;
    switches[_num_entries].switch_circuit_type    = circ_type;
    switches[_num_entries].switch_pending = false;
    switches[_num_entries].switch_db_start    = 0;
    // define what on means for this switch:
    if (circ_type !=   circuit_C2) {
      // circuit_C1 and circuit_C3 are used with pull down resistors
       // if circuit_C1 (INPUT) then and external 10k ohm resistor needs to be fitted
       // to the switch circuit, but if circuit_C3 (INPUT_PULLDOWN) then the resistor
       // is internal to the microcontroller.
      // Note that the 'on' state   is represented by HIGH (3.3/5v)
      switches[_num_entries].switch_on_value   = HIGH;
    } else {
      // circuit_C2 (INPUT_PULLUP) with internal microcontroller   pull up resistor
      // Note that the 'on' state is represented by LOW (0v)
       switches[_num_entries].switch_on_value = LOW;
    }
    if (sw_type   == button_switch) {
      switches[_num_entries].switch_status = not_used;
     } else {
      switches[_num_entries].switch_status = !on;
    }
    pinMode(sw_pin,   circ_type);  // establish pin set up
    // ensure no mapping to an output pin   until created explicitly
    switches[_num_entries].switch_out_pin        = 0;
     switches[_num_entries].switch_out_pin_status = LOW;  // set LOW unless explicitly   changed

    _num_entries++;              // point to next free slot
    return   _num_entries - 1;     // return 'switch_id' - given switch now added to switch control   structure
  } else return add_failure;     // no room left to add another switch!
}   // End add_switch


// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
//   Link or delink the given switch to the given digital pin as an output
// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

int   Switches::link_switch_to_output(byte switch_id, byte output_pin, bool HorL) {
   if (switch_id > _num_entries) {
    return link_failure; // no such switch
   }
  if (output_pin == 0) {
    // delink this output from this switch, set   the output to the required level first
    if (switches[switch_id].switch_out_pin   == 0) {
      // no output pin previously defined
      return link_failure;
     }
    // set existing pin to level required state before clearing the link
     digitalWrite(switches[switch_id].switch_out_pin, HorL);
  } else {
    //   initialise given output pin
    pinMode(output_pin, OUTPUT);
    digitalWrite(output_pin,   HorL); // set to param value until switched
  }
  switches[switch_id].switch_out_pin         = output_pin;
  switches[switch_id].switch_out_pin_status = HorL;
   return link_success;           // success
}

// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
//   Return the number of slots left unused
// in the switch control structure.
//   %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

int Switches::num_free_switch_slots()   {
  return _max_switches - _num_entries;
} // End num_free_switch_slots

//   %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
// Set debounce period (milliseconds).
//   %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

void Switches::set_debounce(int period)   {
  if (period >= 0)  _debounce = period;
}  // End set_debounce

//   %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
// Print given switch control data.
//   %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

void Switches::print_switch(byte sw)   {
  if (0 <= sw && sw < _num_entries ) {
    Serial.print(F("sw_id:   = "));
     Serial.println(sw);
    Serial.print(F("sw_type  = "));
    uint8_t   sw_type = switches[sw].switch_type;
    if (sw_type == button_switch)Serial.print(F("BUTTON   SWITCH"));
    else Serial.print(F("TOGGLE SWITCH"));
    Serial.print(F("   sw_pin  = "));
    Serial.print(switches[sw].switch_pin);
    Serial.print(F("\	circ_type   = "));
    uint8_t circ_type = switches[sw].switch_circuit_type;
    if (circ_type   == circuit_C1) {
      Serial.print(F("INPUT/circuit_C1/"));
    } else   if (circ_type == circuit_C2) {
      Serial.print(F("INPUT_PULLUP/circuit_C2/"));
     } else {
      Serial.print(F("INPUT_PULLDOWN/circuit_C3/"));
    }
     Serial.println(circ_type);
    Serial.print("on_value = ");
    if (switches[sw].switch_on_value   == HIGH)Serial.print(F("HIGH"));
    else Serial.print(F("LOW "));
    Serial.print(F("\	\	sw_status   = "));
    uint8_t sw_status = switches[sw].switch_status;
    if (sw_type   == button_switch)Serial.print(F("n/a")); else {
      if (sw_status == on)Serial.print(F("ON"));
       else Serial.print(F("OFF"));
    }
    Serial.print(F("\	pending    = "));
    if (switches[sw].switch_pending)Serial.print(F("YES"));
     else Serial.print(F("NO "));
    Serial.print(F("\	db_start = "));
     Serial.print(switches[sw].switch_db_start);
    Serial.println(F(" msecs"));
     if (switches[sw].switch_out_pin == 0) {
      // switch does not have a linked   output
      Serial.println(F("*** No linked output pin"));
    } else {
       // switch has a linked output
      Serial.print(F("Linked output pin   = "));
      Serial.print(switches[sw].switch_out_pin);
      Serial.print(F("\	linked   pin status = "));
      if (switches[sw].switch_out_pin_status == LOW)Serial.println(F("LOW"));
       else Serial.println(F("HIGH"));
    }
    Serial.println();
    Serial.flush();
   }
} // End print_switch

// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
//   Print all switch control data set up.
// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

void   Switches::print_switches() {
  Serial.println(F("\
Declared & configured switches:"));
   for (byte sw = 0; sw < _num_entries; sw++) {
    print_switch(sw);
  }
}   // End print_switches

ez switch library, keywords file

c_cpp

Keywords for ez switch library

1# Arduino Switch Library for configuring different switch type wired
2#   in common circuit schemes.
3#
4# Ron Bentley, Stafford (UK), March 2021, version   2.0
5#
6# This example and code is in the public domain and
7# may be used   without restriction and without warranty.
8#
9
10# data and data structures
11Switches	KEYWORD1
12switches	KEYWORD2
13switch_configured	KEYWORD2
14switch_type	KEYWORD2
15switch_pin	KEYWORD2
16switch_circuit_type	KEYWORD2
17switch_pending	KEYWORD2
18switch_db_start	KEYWORD2
19switch_on_value	KEYWORD2
20switch_status	KEYWORD2
21switch_out_pin	KEYWORD2
22switch_out_pin_status	KEYWORD2
23last_switched_id	KEYWORD2
24
25#   private variables
26_debounce	KEYWORD2
27_max_switches	KEYWORD2
28_num_entries	KEYWORD2
29
30#   macro definitions
31switched	LITERAL1
32bad_params	LITERAL1
33add_failure	LITERAL1
34link_success	LITERAL1
35link_failure	LITERAL1
36on	LITERAL1
37configured	LITERAL1
38button_switch	LITERAL1
39toggle_switch	LITERAL1
40not_used	LITERAL1
41circuit_C1	LITERAL1
42circuit_C2	LITERAL1
43circuit_C3	LITERAL1
44INPUT_PULLDOWN	LITERAL1
45none_switched	LITERAL1
46
47
48#   functions
49read_switch	KEYWORD2
50read_toggle_switch	KEYWORD2
51read_button_switch	KEYWORD2
52add_switch	KEYWORD2
53link_switch_to_output	KEYWORD2
54num_free_switch_slots	KEYWORD2
55set_debounce	KEYWORD2
56print_switch	KEYWORD2
57print_switches	KEYWORD2
58

# Arduino Switch Library for configuring different switch type wired
#   in common circuit schemes.
#
# Ron Bentley, Stafford (UK), March 2021, version   2.0
#
# This example and code is in the public domain and
# may be used   without restriction and without warranty.
#

# data and data structures
Switches	KEYWORD1
switches	KEYWORD2
switch_configured	KEYWORD2
switch_type	KEYWORD2
switch_pin	KEYWORD2
switch_circuit_type	KEYWORD2
switch_pending	KEYWORD2
switch_db_start	KEYWORD2
switch_on_value	KEYWORD2
switch_status	KEYWORD2
switch_out_pin	KEYWORD2
switch_out_pin_status	KEYWORD2
last_switched_id	KEYWORD2

#   private variables
_debounce	KEYWORD2
_max_switches	KEYWORD2
_num_entries	KEYWORD2

#   macro definitions
switched	LITERAL1
bad_params	LITERAL1
add_failure	LITERAL1
link_success	LITERAL1
link_failure	LITERAL1
on	LITERAL1
configured	LITERAL1
button_switch	LITERAL1
toggle_switch	LITERAL1
not_used	LITERAL1
circuit_C1	LITERAL1
circuit_C2	LITERAL1
circuit_C3	LITERAL1
INPUT_PULLDOWN	LITERAL1
none_switched	LITERAL1


#   functions
read_switch	KEYWORD2
read_toggle_switch	KEYWORD2
read_button_switch	KEYWORD2
add_switch	KEYWORD2
link_switch_to_output	KEYWORD2
num_free_switch_slots	KEYWORD2
set_debounce	KEYWORD2
print_switch	KEYWORD2
print_switches	KEYWORD2

ez switch library, .h file

c_cpp

Header file for the ez_switch_lib library

1// Arduino Switch Library for configuring different switch type wired
2//   in common circuit schemes.
3//
4// Ron Bentley, Stafford (UK), March 2021, version   2.0
5//
6// This example and code is in the public domain and
7// may be used   without restriction and without warranty.
8//
9
10#ifndef ez_switches_h
11#define   ez_switches_h
12
13#include <Arduino.h>
14
15class Switches
16{
17  public:
18     Switches(byte max_switches);
19
20#define button_switch         1      //   differentiates switch type
21#define toggle_switch         2      // ditto
22
23#define   INPUT_PULLDOWN        9      // not valid for Arduino boards, but it is for ESP32   boards
24#define circuit_C1        INPUT      // switch circuit requires an external   pull down 10k ohm resistor
25#define circuit_C2  INPUT_PULLUP     // switch circuit   requires no other components beyond the switch
26#define circuit_C3  INPUT_PULLDOWN    // switch circuit requires no other components beyond the switch
27
28#define   switched           true      // signifies switch has been pressed/switch cycle complete
29#define   on                 true      // used for toggle switch status
30#define not_used            true      // helps self document code
31#define bad_params           -2       // invalid add_swith paramters
32#define add_failure          -1      //   add_swith could not insert a given switch, ie no space left
33#define link_success           0      // output successfully linked to a switch
34#define link_failure          -1      // output pin could not be linked to a switch
35#define none_switched       255      // 'last_switched_id' initialised to this value
36
37    // %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
38     // %                   Switch Control Sruct(ure) Declaration                 %
39     // %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
40     //
41    struct switch_control {
42      byte switch_type;                 //   type of switch connected
43      byte switch_pin;                  // digital input   pin assigned to the switch
44      byte switch_circuit_type;         // the type   of circuit wired to the switch
45      bool switch_on_value;             // used   for BUTTON SWITCHES only - defines what "on" means
46      bool switch_pending;               // records if switch in transition or not
47      long unsigned int   switch_db_start;// records debounce start time when associated switch starts transition
48       bool switch_status;               // used for TOGGLE SWITCHES only - current   state of toggle switch.
49      byte switch_out_pin;              // the digital   pin mapped to this switch, if any
50      bool switch_out_pin_status;       //   the status of the mapped pin
51    } volatile *switches;               // memory   will be created when class is initiated
52
53    volatile byte last_switched_id   = none_switched;
54
55    // Functions available to end users
56    bool read_switch            (byte sw);
57    bool read_toggle_switch    (byte sw);
58    bool read_button_switch     (byte sw);
59    int  add_switch            (byte sw_type, byte sw_pin, byte   circ_type);
60    int  link_switch_to_output (byte switch_id, byte output_pin,   bool HorL);
61    int  num_free_switch_slots ();
62    void set_debounce          (int   period);
63    void print_switch          (byte sw);
64    void print_switches         ();
65
66  private:
67    byte _num_entries  = 0;  // used for adding   switches to switch control structure/list
68    byte _max_switches = 0;  // max   switches user has initialise
69    int _debounce      = 10; // 10 millisecs if   not specified by user code
70};
71
72#endif

// Arduino Switch Library for configuring different switch type wired
//   in common circuit schemes.
//
// Ron Bentley, Stafford (UK), March 2021, version   2.0
//
// This example and code is in the public domain and
// may be used   without restriction and without warranty.
//

#ifndef ez_switches_h
#define   ez_switches_h

#include <Arduino.h>

class Switches
{
  public:
     Switches(byte max_switches);

#define button_switch         1      //   differentiates switch type
#define toggle_switch         2      // ditto

#define   INPUT_PULLDOWN        9      // not valid for Arduino boards, but it is for ESP32   boards
#define circuit_C1        INPUT      // switch circuit requires an external   pull down 10k ohm resistor
#define circuit_C2  INPUT_PULLUP     // switch circuit   requires no other components beyond the switch
#define circuit_C3  INPUT_PULLDOWN    // switch circuit requires no other components beyond the switch

#define   switched           true      // signifies switch has been pressed/switch cycle complete
#define   on                 true      // used for toggle switch status
#define not_used            true      // helps self document code
#define bad_params           -2       // invalid add_swith paramters
#define add_failure          -1      //   add_swith could not insert a given switch, ie no space left
#define link_success           0      // output successfully linked to a switch
#define link_failure          -1      // output pin could not be linked to a switch
#define none_switched       255      // 'last_switched_id' initialised to this value

    // %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
     // %                   Switch Control Sruct(ure) Declaration                 %
     // %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
     //
    struct switch_control {
      byte switch_type;                 //   type of switch connected
      byte switch_pin;                  // digital input   pin assigned to the switch
      byte switch_circuit_type;         // the type   of circuit wired to the switch
      bool switch_on_value;             // used   for BUTTON SWITCHES only - defines what "on" means
      bool switch_pending;               // records if switch in transition or not
      long unsigned int   switch_db_start;// records debounce start time when associated switch starts transition
       bool switch_status;               // used for TOGGLE SWITCHES only - current   state of toggle switch.
      byte switch_out_pin;              // the digital   pin mapped to this switch, if any
      bool switch_out_pin_status;       //   the status of the mapped pin
    } volatile *switches;               // memory   will be created when class is initiated

    volatile byte last_switched_id   = none_switched;

    // Functions available to end users
    bool read_switch            (byte sw);
    bool read_toggle_switch    (byte sw);
    bool read_button_switch     (byte sw);
    int  add_switch            (byte sw_type, byte sw_pin, byte   circ_type);
    int  link_switch_to_output (byte switch_id, byte output_pin,   bool HorL);
    int  num_free_switch_slots ();
    void set_debounce          (int   period);
    void print_switch          (byte sw);
    void print_switches         ();

  private:
    byte _num_entries  = 0;  // used for adding   switches to switch control structure/list
    byte _max_switches = 0;  // max   switches user has initialise
    int _debounce      = 10; // 10 millisecs if   not specified by user code
};

#endif

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github downloads

you can download everything from github here....

no description/ Read More

Latest commit to the master branch on Invalid date

Download as a zip

ez switch library, keywords file

c_cpp

Keywords for ez switch library

1# Arduino Switch Library for configuring different switch type wired
2#  in common circuit schemes.
3#
4# Ron Bentley, Stafford (UK), March 2021, version  2.0
5#
6# This example and code is in the public domain and
7# may be used  without restriction and without warranty.
8#
9
10# data and data structures
11Switches	KEYWORD1
12switches	KEYWORD2
13switch_configured	KEYWORD2
14switch_type	KEYWORD2
15switch_pin	KEYWORD2
16switch_circuit_type	KEYWORD2
17switch_pending	KEYWORD2
18switch_db_start	KEYWORD2
19switch_on_value	KEYWORD2
20switch_status	KEYWORD2
21switch_out_pin	KEYWORD2
22switch_out_pin_status	KEYWORD2
23last_switched_id	KEYWORD2
24
25#  private variables
26_debounce	KEYWORD2
27_max_switches	KEYWORD2
28_num_entries	KEYWORD2
29
30#  macro definitions
31switched	LITERAL1
32bad_params	LITERAL1
33add_failure	LITERAL1
34link_success	LITERAL1
35link_failure	LITERAL1
36on	        LITERAL1
37configured	LITERAL1
38button_switch	LITERAL1
39toggle_switch	LITERAL1
40not_used	LITERAL1
41circuit_C1	LITERAL1
42circuit_C2	LITERAL1
43circuit_C3	LITERAL1
44INPUT_PULLDOWN	LITERAL1
45none_switched	LITERAL1
46
47
48#  functions
49read_switch	KEYWORD2
50read_toggle_switch	KEYWORD2
51read_button_switch	KEYWORD2
52add_switch	KEYWORD2
53link_switch_to_output	KEYWORD2
54num_free_switch_slots	KEYWORD2
55set_debounce	KEYWORD2
56reset_switch    KEYWORD2
57reset_switches  KEYWORD2
58button_is_pressed  KEYWORD2
59print_switch	KEYWORD2
60print_switches	KEYWORD2
61

# Arduino Switch Library for configuring different switch type wired
#  in common circuit schemes.
#
# Ron Bentley, Stafford (UK), March 2021, version  2.0
#
# This example and code is in the public domain and
# may be used  without restriction and without warranty.
#

# data and data structures
Switches	KEYWORD1
switches	KEYWORD2
switch_configured	KEYWORD2
switch_type	KEYWORD2
switch_pin	KEYWORD2
switch_circuit_type	KEYWORD2
switch_pending	KEYWORD2
switch_db_start	KEYWORD2
switch_on_value	KEYWORD2
switch_status	KEYWORD2
switch_out_pin	KEYWORD2
switch_out_pin_status	KEYWORD2
last_switched_id	KEYWORD2

#  private variables
_debounce	KEYWORD2
_max_switches	KEYWORD2
_num_entries	KEYWORD2

#  macro definitions
switched	LITERAL1
bad_params	LITERAL1
add_failure	LITERAL1
link_success	LITERAL1
link_failure	LITERAL1
on	        LITERAL1
configured	LITERAL1
button_switch	LITERAL1
toggle_switch	LITERAL1
not_used	LITERAL1
circuit_C1	LITERAL1
circuit_C2	LITERAL1
circuit_C3	LITERAL1
INPUT_PULLDOWN	LITERAL1
none_switched	LITERAL1


#  functions
read_switch	KEYWORD2
read_toggle_switch	KEYWORD2
read_button_switch	KEYWORD2
add_switch	KEYWORD2
link_switch_to_output	KEYWORD2
num_free_switch_slots	KEYWORD2
set_debounce	KEYWORD2
reset_switch    KEYWORD2
reset_switches  KEYWORD2
button_is_pressed  KEYWORD2
print_switch	KEYWORD2
print_switches	KEYWORD2

ez switch library, .cpp file

c_cpp

Library code file

1// Arduino Switch Library for configuring different switch type wired
2//  in common circuit schemes.
3//
4// Ron Bentley, Stafford (UK), March 2021,
5//  updates:
6//   Sept 2022, version 3.00
7//     addition of functions 'is_button_pressed'  (overloaded) and
8//                           'reset_switch' and 'reset_switches'
9//   Sept 2022, version 3.01
10//     change of library variables to unsigned declarations,  generally,
11//     eg byte to uint8_t, long unsigned int to uint32_t, etc
12//
13//  This example and code is in the public domain and
14// may be used without restriction  and without warranty.
15//
16
17#include <Arduino.h>
18#include "ez_switch_lib.h"  // change "ez_switch_lib" to <ez_switch_lib> when deploying to libraries
19
20//  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
21// Set  up switch cotrol structure and initialise internal variables.
22// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
23
24Switches::Switches(uint8_t  max_switches)
25{
26  // Establish the switch control structure (switches) of  the size required.
27  //
28  switches = (switch_control *)malloc(sizeof(*switches)  * max_switches);
29  if (switches == NULL) {
30    // malloc failure
31    Serial.begin(115200);
32    Serial.println("!!Failure to acquire memory of required size - PROGRAM TERMINATED!!");
33    Serial.flush();
34    exit(1);
35  }
36
37  // Initialise private variables
38  _num_entries  = 0;            // will be incremented each time a switch is added,  up to _max_switches
39  _max_switches = max_switches; // transfer to internal variable
40}
41
42//  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
43// Generic switch read function.
44//  Read the switch defined by the function parameter.
45// Function returns a value  indicating if the switch
46// has undergone a transition or not.
47// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
48
49bool  Switches::read_switch(uint8_t sw) {
50  bool sw_status;
51  if (sw < 0 || sw >=  _num_entries) return !switched; // out of range, slot 'sw' is not configured with  a switch
52  if (switches[sw].switch_type == button_switch) {
53    sw_status  = read_button_switch(sw);
54  } else {
55    sw_status = read_toggle_switch(sw);
56  }
57  // now determine if switch has output pin associated and if switched
58  // flip the output's status, ie HIGH->LOW, or LOW->HIGH
59  if (sw_status ==  switched && switches[sw].switch_out_pin > 0)
60  {
61    // flip the output level  of associated switch output pin, if defined
62    bool status = switches[sw].switch_out_pin_status;  // last status value of out_pin
63    status = HIGH - status;                           //  flip the status value
64    switches[sw].switch_out_pin_status = status;      //  update current status value
65    digitalWrite(switches[sw].switch_out_pin, status);//  change status of linked pin
66  }
67  return sw_status;
68}  // End of read_switch
69
70//  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
71//  Generic toggle switch read function.
72// Test the toggle switch to see if its  status has changed since last look.
73// Note that although switch status is a  returned value from the function,
74// the current status of the switch ('switches[sw].switch_status')  is always
75// maintained and can be tested outside of the function at any point/time.
76//  It will either have a status of 'on' or '!on' (ie off).
77// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
78
79bool  Switches::read_toggle_switch(uint8_t sw) {
80  uint8_t switch_pin_reading = digitalRead(switches[sw].switch_pin);  // test current state of toggle pin
81  if (switches[sw].switch_circuit_type  == circuit_C2) {
82    // Need to invert HIGH/LOW if circuit design sets
83    //  pin HIGH representing switch in off state.
84    // ie inititialised as INPUT_PULLUP
85    switch_pin_reading = !switch_pin_reading;
86  }
87  if (switch_pin_reading  != switches[sw].switch_status && !switches[sw].switch_pending) {
88    // Switch  change detected so start debounce cycle
89    switches[sw].switch_pending = true;
90    switches[sw].switch_db_start = millis();  // set start of debounce timing
91  }
92  if (switches[sw].switch_pending) {
93    // We are in the switch transition  cycle so check if debounce period has elapsed
94    if (millis() - switches[sw].switch_db_start  >= _debounce) {
95      // Debounce period elapsed so assume switch has settled  down after transition
96      switches[sw].switch_status  = !switches[sw].switch_status;  // flip status
97      switches[sw].switch_pending = false;                        //  cease transition cycle
98      last_switched_id = sw;   // indicates the last switch  to have been processed by read function
99      return switched;
100    }
101  }
102  return !switched;
103} // End of read_toggle_switch
104
105// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
106//  Read button switch function.
107// Generic button switch read function.
108// Reading  is controlled by:
109//   a. the function parameter which indicates which switch
110//      is to be polled, and
111//   b. the switch control struct(ure), referenced  by a).
112//
113// Note that this function works in a nonexclusive way
114// and  incorporates debounce code.
115// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
116
117bool  Switches::read_button_switch(uint8_t sw) {
118  uint8_t switch_pin_reading = digitalRead(switches[sw].switch_pin);
119  if (switch_pin_reading == switches[sw].switch_on_value) {
120    // Switch is  pressed (ON), so start/restart debounce process
121    switches[sw].switch_pending  = true;
122    switches[sw].switch_db_start   = millis();  // start elapse timing
123    return !switched;                           // now waiting for debounce to conclude
124  }
125  if (switches[sw].switch_pending && switch_pin_reading != switches[sw].switch_on_value)  {
126    // Switch was pressed, now released (OFF), so check if debounce time elapsed
127    if (millis() - switches[sw].switch_db_start >= _debounce) {
128      // debounce  time elapsed, so switch press cycle complete
129      switches[sw].switch_pending  = false;
130      last_switched_id = sw;   // indicates the last switch to have  been processed by read function
131      return switched;
132    }
133  }
134  return  !switched;
135}  // End of read_button_switch
136
137// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
138//  Add given switch to switch control structure, but validate
139// given paramters  and ensure there is a free slot.
140//
141// Return values from add_switch are:
142//
143//    >= 0 the switch control structure entry number ('switch_id')
144//         for  the switch added,
145//      -1 add_falure - no slots available in the switch
146//         control structure,
147//      -2 bad_params - given paramter(s) for switch  are
148//         not valid.
149// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
150
151int  Switches::add_switch(uint8_t sw_type, uint8_t sw_pin, uint8_t circ_type) {
152  if  ((sw_type != button_switch && sw_type != toggle_switch) ||
153      (circ_type !=  circuit_C1 &&
154       circ_type != circuit_C2 &&
155       circ_type != circuit_C3))  return bad_params;  // bad paramters
156  if (_num_entries < _max_switches) {
157    // room to add another switch...initialise the switch's
158    // data depending  on type of switch and circuit
159    switches[_num_entries].switch_type         =  sw_type;
160    switches[_num_entries].switch_pin          = sw_pin;
161    switches[_num_entries].switch_circuit_type  = circ_type;
162    switches[_num_entries].switch_pending      = false;
163    switches[_num_entries].switch_db_start     = 0;
164    // define what on means for this switch:
165    if (circ_type !=  circuit_C2) {
166      // circuit_C1 and circuit_C3 are used with pull down resistors
167      // if circuit_C1 (INPUT) then and external 10k ohm resistor needs to be fitted
168      // to the switch circuit, but if circuit_C3 (INPUT_PULLDOWN) then the resistor
169      // is internal to the microcontroller.
170      // Note that the 'on' state  is represented by HIGH (3.3/5v)
171      switches[_num_entries].switch_on_value  = HIGH;
172    } else {
173      // circuit_C2 (INPUT_PULLUP) with internal microcontroller  pull up resistor
174      // Note that the 'on' state is represented by LOW (0v)
175      switches[_num_entries].switch_on_value = LOW;
176    }
177    if (sw_type  == button_switch) {
178      switches[_num_entries].switch_status = not_used;
179    } else {
180      switches[_num_entries].switch_status = !on;
181    }
182    pinMode(sw_pin,  circ_type);  // establish pin set up
183    // ensure no mapping to an output pin  until created explicitly
184    switches[_num_entries].switch_out_pin        = 0;
185    switches[_num_entries].switch_out_pin_status = LOW;  // set LOW unless explicitly  changed
186
187    _num_entries++;              // point to next free slot
188    return  _num_entries - 1;     // return 'switch_id' - given switch now added to switch control  structure
189  } else return add_failure;     // no room left to add another switch!
190}  // End add_switch
191
192
193// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
194//  Link or delink the given switch to the given digital pin as an output
195// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
196
197int  Switches::link_switch_to_output(uint8_t switch_id, uint8_t output_pin, bool HorL)  {
198  if (switch_id > _num_entries) {
199    return link_failure; // no such switch
200  }
201  if (output_pin == 0) {
202    // delink this output from this switch, set  the output to the required level first
203    if (switches[switch_id].switch_out_pin  == 0) {
204      // no output pin previously defined
205      return link_failure;
206    }
207    // set existing pin to level required state before clearing the link
208    digitalWrite(switches[switch_id].switch_out_pin, HorL);
209  } else {
210    //  initialise given output pin
211    pinMode(output_pin, OUTPUT);
212    digitalWrite(output_pin,  HorL); // set to param value until switched
213  }
214  switches[switch_id].switch_out_pin        = output_pin;
215  switches[switch_id].switch_out_pin_status = HorL;
216  return link_success;           // success
217}
218
219// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
220//  Return the number of slots left unused
221// in the switch control structure.
222//  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
223
224int Switches::num_free_switch_slots()  {
225  return _max_switches - _num_entries;
226} // End num_free_switch_slots
227
228//  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
229// Set debounce period (milliseconds).
230//  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
231
232void Switches::set_debounce(uint16_t  period) {
233  if (period >= 0)  _debounce = period;
234}  // End set_debounce
235
236//  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
237// % reset the given switch to its
238//  % non-pending (non-transition) state
239// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
240
241void  Switches::reset_switch(uint8_t switch_id) {
242  if (switch_id < _num_entries -  1) {
243    switches[switch_id].switch_pending  = false;
244  }
245}
246
247// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
248//  % reset all declared switches to
249// % their non-pending (non-transition) state
250//  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
251
252void Switches::reset_switches()  {
253  for (uint8_t switch_id = 0; switch_id < _num_entries; switch_id++) {
254    switches[switch_id].switch_pending  = false;
255  }
256}
257
258// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
259//  %    Note: this function applies to button
260// %             switches ONLY.
261//  % If the specified switch id is a button
262// % switch, then the function will  return
263// % true if the button switch is CURRENTLY
264// % being pressed, ie  in transition, and false
265// % otherwise.
266// % Note: If the button has a linked  output then this 
267// % will be automatically switched (toggled)
268// % if the  'process_link' parameter is true,
269// % otherwise, it will not be switched (toggled)
270//  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
271
272bool Switches::button_is_pressed(uint8_t  switch_id, bool process_link) {
273  // check switch is declared
274  if (switch_id  < _num_entries) {
275    // check if switch is a button switch
276    if (switches[switch_id].switch_type  == button_switch) {
277      // all checks done, read the switch
278      if (process_link)  {
279        // request is to process any lined output.
280        // only the read_switch  function will process any linked output
281        read_switch(switch_id);
282      }  else {
283        // request is NOT to process any linked output, so we need to  use
284        // read_button_switch rather than read_switch, which ignores any
285        // linked output
286        read_button_switch(switch_id);
287      }
288      return switches[switch_id].switch_pending; // this will be either true if  in trasition or false if not
289    }
290  }
291  return false;
292}
293
294// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
295//  %    Note: this function applies to button
296// %             switches ONLY.
297//  % If the specified switch id is a button
298// % switch, then the function will  return
299// % true if the button switch is CURRENTLY
300// % being pressed, ie  in transition, and false
301// % otherwise.
302// % Note that this function will  NOT process
303// % any linked output associated with this
304// % switch. If this  is required then use the
305// % overloaded version, thus:
306// % button_is_pressed(switch_id,  true);
307// %
308// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
309
310bool Switches::button_is_pressed(uint8_t  switch_id) {
311  return button_is_pressed(switch_id, false);
312}
313
314// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
315//  Print given switch control data.
316// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
317
318void  Switches::print_switch(uint8_t sw) {
319  if (0 <= sw && sw < _num_entries ) {
320    Serial.print(F("sw_id:   = "));
321    Serial.println(sw);
322    Serial.print(F("sw_type  = "));
323    uint8_t sw_type = switches[sw].switch_type;
324    if (sw_type  == button_switch)Serial.print(F("BUTTON SWITCH"));
325    else Serial.print(F("TOGGLE  SWITCH"));
326    Serial.print(F("  sw_pin  = "));
327    Serial.print(switches[sw].switch_pin);
328    Serial.print(F("\	circ_type = "));
329    uint8_t circ_type = switches[sw].switch_circuit_type;
330    if (circ_type == circuit_C1) {
331      Serial.print(F("INPUT/circuit_C1/"));
332    } else if (circ_type == circuit_C2) {
333      Serial.print(F("INPUT_PULLUP/circuit_C2/"));
334    } else {
335      Serial.print(F("INPUT_PULLDOWN/circuit_C3/"));
336    }
337    Serial.println(circ_type);
338    Serial.print("on_value = ");
339    if (switches[sw].switch_on_value  == HIGH)Serial.print(F("HIGH"));
340    else Serial.print(F("LOW "));
341    Serial.print(F("\	\	sw_status  = "));
342    uint8_t sw_status = switches[sw].switch_status;
343    if (sw_type  == button_switch)Serial.print(F("n/a")); else {
344      if (sw_status == on)Serial.print(F("ON"));
345      else Serial.print(F("OFF"));
346    }
347    Serial.print(F("\	pending   = "));
348    if (switches[sw].switch_pending)Serial.print(F("YES"));
349    else Serial.print(F("NO "));
350    Serial.print(F("\	db_start = "));
351    Serial.print(switches[sw].switch_db_start);
352    Serial.println(F(" msecs"));
353    if (switches[sw].switch_out_pin == 0) {
354      // switch does not have a linked  output
355      Serial.println(F("*** No linked output pin"));
356    } else {
357      // switch has a linked output
358      Serial.print(F("Linked output pin  = "));
359      Serial.print(switches[sw].switch_out_pin);
360      Serial.print(F("\	linked  pin status = "));
361      if (switches[sw].switch_out_pin_status == LOW)Serial.println(F("LOW"));
362      else Serial.println(F("HIGH"));
363    }
364    Serial.println();
365    Serial.flush();
366  }
367} // End print_switch
368
369// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
370//  Print all switch control data set up.
371// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
372
373void  Switches::print_switches() {
374  Serial.println(F("\
375Declared & configured switches:"));
376  for (uint8_t sw = 0; sw < _num_entries; sw++) {
377    print_switch(sw);
378  }
379}  // End print_switches
380

// Arduino Switch Library for configuring different switch type wired
//  in common circuit schemes.
//
// Ron Bentley, Stafford (UK), March 2021,
//  updates:
//   Sept 2022, version 3.00
//     addition of functions 'is_button_pressed'  (overloaded) and
//                           'reset_switch' and 'reset_switches'
//   Sept 2022, version 3.01
//     change of library variables to unsigned declarations,  generally,
//     eg byte to uint8_t, long unsigned int to uint32_t, etc
//
//  This example and code is in the public domain and
// may be used without restriction  and without warranty.
//

#include <Arduino.h>
#include "ez_switch_lib.h"  // change "ez_switch_lib" to <ez_switch_lib> when deploying to libraries

//  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
// Set  up switch cotrol structure and initialise internal variables.
// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

Switches::Switches(uint8_t  max_switches)
{
  // Establish the switch control structure (switches) of  the size required.
  //
  switches = (switch_control *)malloc(sizeof(*switches)  * max_switches);
  if (switches == NULL) {
    // malloc failure
    Serial.begin(115200);
    Serial.println("!!Failure to acquire memory of required size - PROGRAM TERMINATED!!");
    Serial.flush();
    exit(1);
  }

  // Initialise private variables
  _num_entries  = 0;            // will be incremented each time a switch is added,  up to _max_switches
  _max_switches = max_switches; // transfer to internal variable
}

//  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
// Generic switch read function.
//  Read the switch defined by the function parameter.
// Function returns a value  indicating if the switch
// has undergone a transition or not.
// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

bool  Switches::read_switch(uint8_t sw) {
  bool sw_status;
  if (sw < 0 || sw >=  _num_entries) return !switched; // out of range, slot 'sw' is not configured with  a switch
  if (switches[sw].switch_type == button_switch) {
    sw_status  = read_button_switch(sw);
  } else {
    sw_status = read_toggle_switch(sw);
  }
  // now determine if switch has output pin associated and if switched
  // flip the output's status, ie HIGH->LOW, or LOW->HIGH
  if (sw_status ==  switched && switches[sw].switch_out_pin > 0)
  {
    // flip the output level  of associated switch output pin, if defined
    bool status = switches[sw].switch_out_pin_status;  // last status value of out_pin
    status = HIGH - status;                           //  flip the status value
    switches[sw].switch_out_pin_status = status;      //  update current status value
    digitalWrite(switches[sw].switch_out_pin, status);//  change status of linked pin
  }
  return sw_status;
}  // End of read_switch

//  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
//  Generic toggle switch read function.
// Test the toggle switch to see if its  status has changed since last look.
// Note that although switch status is a  returned value from the function,
// the current status of the switch ('switches[sw].switch_status')  is always
// maintained and can be tested outside of the function at any point/time.
//  It will either have a status of 'on' or '!on' (ie off).
// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

bool  Switches::read_toggle_switch(uint8_t sw) {
  uint8_t switch_pin_reading = digitalRead(switches[sw].switch_pin);  // test current state of toggle pin
  if (switches[sw].switch_circuit_type  == circuit_C2) {
    // Need to invert HIGH/LOW if circuit design sets
    //  pin HIGH representing switch in off state.
    // ie inititialised as INPUT_PULLUP
    switch_pin_reading = !switch_pin_reading;
  }
  if (switch_pin_reading  != switches[sw].switch_status && !switches[sw].switch_pending) {
    // Switch  change detected so start debounce cycle
    switches[sw].switch_pending = true;
    switches[sw].switch_db_start = millis();  // set start of debounce timing
  }
  if (switches[sw].switch_pending) {
    // We are in the switch transition  cycle so check if debounce period has elapsed
    if (millis() - switches[sw].switch_db_start  >= _debounce) {
      // Debounce period elapsed so assume switch has settled  down after transition
      switches[sw].switch_status  = !switches[sw].switch_status;  // flip status
      switches[sw].switch_pending = false;                        //  cease transition cycle
      last_switched_id = sw;   // indicates the last switch  to have been processed by read function
      return switched;
    }
  }
  return !switched;
} // End of read_toggle_switch

// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
//  Read button switch function.
// Generic button switch read function.
// Reading  is controlled by:
//   a. the function parameter which indicates which switch
//      is to be polled, and
//   b. the switch control struct(ure), referenced  by a).
//
// Note that this function works in a nonexclusive way
// and  incorporates debounce code.
// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

bool  Switches::read_button_switch(uint8_t sw) {
  uint8_t switch_pin_reading = digitalRead(switches[sw].switch_pin);
  if (switch_pin_reading == switches[sw].switch_on_value) {
    // Switch is  pressed (ON), so start/restart debounce process
    switches[sw].switch_pending  = true;
    switches[sw].switch_db_start   = millis();  // start elapse timing
    return !switched;                           // now waiting for debounce to conclude
  }
  if (switches[sw].switch_pending && switch_pin_reading != switches[sw].switch_on_value)  {
    // Switch was pressed, now released (OFF), so check if debounce time elapsed
    if (millis() - switches[sw].switch_db_start >= _debounce) {
      // debounce  time elapsed, so switch press cycle complete
      switches[sw].switch_pending  = false;
      last_switched_id = sw;   // indicates the last switch to have  been processed by read function
      return switched;
    }
  }
  return  !switched;
}  // End of read_button_switch

// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
//  Add given switch to switch control structure, but validate
// given paramters  and ensure there is a free slot.
//
// Return values from add_switch are:
//
//    >= 0 the switch control structure entry number ('switch_id')
//         for  the switch added,
//      -1 add_falure - no slots available in the switch
//         control structure,
//      -2 bad_params - given paramter(s) for switch  are
//         not valid.
// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

int  Switches::add_switch(uint8_t sw_type, uint8_t sw_pin, uint8_t circ_type) {
  if  ((sw_type != button_switch && sw_type != toggle_switch) ||
      (circ_type !=  circuit_C1 &&
       circ_type != circuit_C2 &&
       circ_type != circuit_C3))  return bad_params;  // bad paramters
  if (_num_entries < _max_switches) {
    // room to add another switch...initialise the switch's
    // data depending  on type of switch and circuit
    switches[_num_entries].switch_type         =  sw_type;
    switches[_num_entries].switch_pin          = sw_pin;
    switches[_num_entries].switch_circuit_type  = circ_type;
    switches[_num_entries].switch_pending      = false;
    switches[_num_entries].switch_db_start     = 0;
    // define what on means for this switch:
    if (circ_type !=  circuit_C2) {
      // circuit_C1 and circuit_C3 are used with pull down resistors
      // if circuit_C1 (INPUT) then and external 10k ohm resistor needs to be fitted
      // to the switch circuit, but if circuit_C3 (INPUT_PULLDOWN) then the resistor
      // is internal to the microcontroller.
      // Note that the 'on' state  is represented by HIGH (3.3/5v)
      switches[_num_entries].switch_on_value  = HIGH;
    } else {
      // circuit_C2 (INPUT_PULLUP) with internal microcontroller  pull up resistor
      // Note that the 'on' state is represented by LOW (0v)
      switches[_num_entries].switch_on_value = LOW;
    }
    if (sw_type  == button_switch) {
      switches[_num_entries].switch_status = not_used;
    } else {
      switches[_num_entries].switch_status = !on;
    }
    pinMode(sw_pin,  circ_type);  // establish pin set up
    // ensure no mapping to an output pin  until created explicitly
    switches[_num_entries].switch_out_pin        = 0;
    switches[_num_entries].switch_out_pin_status = LOW;  // set LOW unless explicitly  changed

    _num_entries++;              // point to next free slot
    return  _num_entries - 1;     // return 'switch_id' - given switch now added to switch control  structure
  } else return add_failure;     // no room left to add another switch!
}  // End add_switch


// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
//  Link or delink the given switch to the given digital pin as an output
// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

int  Switches::link_switch_to_output(uint8_t switch_id, uint8_t output_pin, bool HorL)  {
  if (switch_id > _num_entries) {
    return link_failure; // no such switch
  }
  if (output_pin == 0) {
    // delink this output from this switch, set  the output to the required level first
    if (switches[switch_id].switch_out_pin  == 0) {
      // no output pin previously defined
      return link_failure;
    }
    // set existing pin to level required state before clearing the link
    digitalWrite(switches[switch_id].switch_out_pin, HorL);
  } else {
    //  initialise given output pin
    pinMode(output_pin, OUTPUT);
    digitalWrite(output_pin,  HorL); // set to param value until switched
  }
  switches[switch_id].switch_out_pin        = output_pin;
  switches[switch_id].switch_out_pin_status = HorL;
  return link_success;           // success
}

// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
//  Return the number of slots left unused
// in the switch control structure.
//  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

int Switches::num_free_switch_slots()  {
  return _max_switches - _num_entries;
} // End num_free_switch_slots

//  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
// Set debounce period (milliseconds).
//  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

void Switches::set_debounce(uint16_t  period) {
  if (period >= 0)  _debounce = period;
}  // End set_debounce

//  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
// % reset the given switch to its
//  % non-pending (non-transition) state
// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

void  Switches::reset_switch(uint8_t switch_id) {
  if (switch_id < _num_entries -  1) {
    switches[switch_id].switch_pending  = false;
  }
}

// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
//  % reset all declared switches to
// % their non-pending (non-transition) state
//  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

void Switches::reset_switches()  {
  for (uint8_t switch_id = 0; switch_id < _num_entries; switch_id++) {
    switches[switch_id].switch_pending  = false;
  }
}

// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
//  %    Note: this function applies to button
// %             switches ONLY.
//  % If the specified switch id is a button
// % switch, then the function will  return
// % true if the button switch is CURRENTLY
// % being pressed, ie  in transition, and false
// % otherwise.
// % Note: If the button has a linked  output then this 
// % will be automatically switched (toggled)
// % if the  'process_link' parameter is true,
// % otherwise, it will not be switched (toggled)
//  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

bool Switches::button_is_pressed(uint8_t  switch_id, bool process_link) {
  // check switch is declared
  if (switch_id  < _num_entries) {
    // check if switch is a button switch
    if (switches[switch_id].switch_type  == button_switch) {
      // all checks done, read the switch
      if (process_link)  {
        // request is to process any lined output.
        // only the read_switch  function will process any linked output
        read_switch(switch_id);
      }  else {
        // request is NOT to process any linked output, so we need to  use
        // read_button_switch rather than read_switch, which ignores any
        // linked output
        read_button_switch(switch_id);
      }
      return switches[switch_id].switch_pending; // this will be either true if  in trasition or false if not
    }
  }
  return false;
}

// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
//  %    Note: this function applies to button
// %             switches ONLY.
//  % If the specified switch id is a button
// % switch, then the function will  return
// % true if the button switch is CURRENTLY
// % being pressed, ie  in transition, and false
// % otherwise.
// % Note that this function will  NOT process
// % any linked output associated with this
// % switch. If this  is required then use the
// % overloaded version, thus:
// % button_is_pressed(switch_id,  true);
// %
// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

bool Switches::button_is_pressed(uint8_t  switch_id) {
  return button_is_pressed(switch_id, false);
}

// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
//  Print given switch control data.
// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

void  Switches::print_switch(uint8_t sw) {
  if (0 <= sw && sw < _num_entries ) {
    Serial.print(F("sw_id:   = "));
    Serial.println(sw);
    Serial.print(F("sw_type  = "));
    uint8_t sw_type = switches[sw].switch_type;
    if (sw_type  == button_switch)Serial.print(F("BUTTON SWITCH"));
    else Serial.print(F("TOGGLE  SWITCH"));
    Serial.print(F("  sw_pin  = "));
    Serial.print(switches[sw].switch_pin);
    Serial.print(F("\	circ_type = "));
    uint8_t circ_type = switches[sw].switch_circuit_type;
    if (circ_type == circuit_C1) {
      Serial.print(F("INPUT/circuit_C1/"));
    } else if (circ_type == circuit_C2) {
      Serial.print(F("INPUT_PULLUP/circuit_C2/"));
    } else {
      Serial.print(F("INPUT_PULLDOWN/circuit_C3/"));
    }
    Serial.println(circ_type);
    Serial.print("on_value = ");
    if (switches[sw].switch_on_value  == HIGH)Serial.print(F("HIGH"));
    else Serial.print(F("LOW "));
    Serial.print(F("\	\	sw_status  = "));
    uint8_t sw_status = switches[sw].switch_status;
    if (sw_type  == button_switch)Serial.print(F("n/a")); else {
      if (sw_status == on)Serial.print(F("ON"));
      else Serial.print(F("OFF"));
    }
    Serial.print(F("\	pending   = "));
    if (switches[sw].switch_pending)Serial.print(F("YES"));
    else Serial.print(F("NO "));
    Serial.print(F("\	db_start = "));
    Serial.print(switches[sw].switch_db_start);
    Serial.println(F(" msecs"));
    if (switches[sw].switch_out_pin == 0) {
      // switch does not have a linked  output
      Serial.println(F("*** No linked output pin"));
    } else {
      // switch has a linked output
      Serial.print(F("Linked output pin  = "));
      Serial.print(switches[sw].switch_out_pin);
      Serial.print(F("\	linked  pin status = "));
      if (switches[sw].switch_out_pin_status == LOW)Serial.println(F("LOW"));
      else Serial.println(F("HIGH"));
    }
    Serial.println();
    Serial.flush();
  }
} // End print_switch

// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
//  Print all switch control data set up.
// %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

void  Switches::print_switches() {
  Serial.println(F("\
Declared & configured switches:"));
  for (uint8_t sw = 0; sw < _num_entries; sw++) {
    print_switch(sw);
  }
}  // End print_switches

ez switch library, .h file

c_cpp

Header file for the ez_switch_lib library

1// Arduino Switch Library for configuring different switch type wired
2//  in common circuit schemes.
3//
4// Ron Bentley, Stafford (UK), March 2021, 
5//  updates:
6//   Sept 2022, version 3.00
7//     addition of functions 'is_button_pressed'  (overloaded) and
8//                           'reset_switch' and 'reset_switches'
9//   Sept 2022, version 3.01
10//     change of library variables to unsigned declarations,  generally,
11//     eg byte to uint8_t, long unsigned int to uint32_t, etc
12//         
13// This example and code is in the public domain and
14// may be used  without restriction and without warranty.
15//
16
17#ifndef ez_switches_h
18#define  ez_switches_h
19#include <Arduino.h>
20
21class Switches
22{
23  public:
24    Switches(uint8_t max_switches);
25
26#define button_switch         1      //  differentiates switch type
27#define toggle_switch         2      // ditto
28
29#ifndef  INPUT_PULLDOWN
30#define INPUT_PULLDOWN    INPUT      // default to INPUT type  if not already defined
31#endif
32
33#define circuit_C1        INPUT      //  switch circuit requires an external pull down 10k ohm resistor
34#define circuit_C2  INPUT_PULLUP     // switch circuit requires no other components beyond the switch
35#define  circuit_C3  INPUT_PULLDOWN   // switch circuit requires no other components beyond  the switch, only ESP 32
36
37#define switched           true      // signifies  switch has been pressed/switch cycle complete
38#define on                 true      // used for toggle switch status
39#define not_used           true      //  helps self document code
40#define bad_params           -2      // invalid add_swith  paramters
41#define add_failure          -1      // add_swith could not insert  a given switch, ie no space left
42#define link_success          0      // output  successfully linked to a switch
43#define link_failure         -1      // output  pin could not be linked to a switch
44#define none_switched       255      // 'last_switched_id'  initialised to this value
45
46    // %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
47    // %                   Switch Control Sruct(ure) Declaration                 %
48    // %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
49    //
50    struct switch_control {
51      uint8_t switch_type;         // type  of switch connected
52      uint8_t switch_pin;          // digital input pin assigned  to the switch
53      uint8_t switch_circuit_type; // the type of circuit wired  to the switch
54      bool switch_on_value;        // used for BUTTON SWITCHES  only - defines what "on" means
55      bool switch_pending;         // records  if switch in transition or not
56      uint32_t switch_db_start;    // records  debounce start time when associated switch starts transition
57      bool switch_status;          // used for TOGGLE SWITCHES only - current state of toggle switch.
58      uint8_t switch_out_pin;      // the digital pin mapped to this switch, if  any
59      bool switch_out_pin_status;  // the status of the mapped pin
60    }  volatile *switches;          // memory will be created when class is instantiated
61
62    volatile uint8_t last_switched_id = none_switched;
63
64    // Functions available  to end users
65    bool read_switch           (uint8_t switch_id);
66    bool  read_toggle_switch    (uint8_t switch_id);
67    bool read_button_switch    (uint8_t  switch_id);
68    int  add_switch            (uint8_t sw_type, uint8_t sw_pin,  uint8_t circ_type);
69    int  link_switch_to_output (uint8_t switch_id, uint8_t  output_pin, bool HorL);
70    int  num_free_switch_slots ();
71    void set_debounce          (uint16_t period);
72    void reset_switch          (uint8_t switch_id);
73    void reset_switches        ();
74    bool button_is_pressed     (uint8_t switch_id,  bool process_link);
75    bool button_is_pressed     (uint8_t switch_id);
76    void  print_switch          (uint8_t switch_id);
77    void print_switches        ();
78
79  private:
80    uint8_t  _num_entries  = 0;  // used for adding switches to switch  control structure/list
81    uint8_t  _max_switches = 0;  // max switches user  has initialise
82    uint16_t _debounce    = 10; // 10 millisecs if not specified  by user code
83};
84
85#endif
86

// Arduino Switch Library for configuring different switch type wired
//  in common circuit schemes.
//
// Ron Bentley, Stafford (UK), March 2021, 
//  updates:
//   Sept 2022, version 3.00
//     addition of functions 'is_button_pressed'  (overloaded) and
//                           'reset_switch' and 'reset_switches'
//   Sept 2022, version 3.01
//     change of library variables to unsigned declarations,  generally,
//     eg byte to uint8_t, long unsigned int to uint32_t, etc
//         
// This example and code is in the public domain and
// may be used  without restriction and without warranty.
//

#ifndef ez_switches_h
#define  ez_switches_h
#include <Arduino.h>

class Switches
{
  public:
    Switches(uint8_t max_switches);

#define button_switch         1      //  differentiates switch type
#define toggle_switch         2      // ditto

#ifndef  INPUT_PULLDOWN
#define INPUT_PULLDOWN    INPUT      // default to INPUT type  if not already defined
#endif

#define circuit_C1        INPUT      //  switch circuit requires an external pull down 10k ohm resistor
#define circuit_C2  INPUT_PULLUP     // switch circuit requires no other components beyond the switch
#define  circuit_C3  INPUT_PULLDOWN   // switch circuit requires no other components beyond  the switch, only ESP 32

#define switched           true      // signifies  switch has been pressed/switch cycle complete
#define on                 true      // used for toggle switch status
#define not_used           true      //  helps self document code
#define bad_params           -2      // invalid add_swith  paramters
#define add_failure          -1      // add_swith could not insert  a given switch, ie no space left
#define link_success          0      // output  successfully linked to a switch
#define link_failure         -1      // output  pin could not be linked to a switch
#define none_switched       255      // 'last_switched_id'  initialised to this value

    // %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
    // %                   Switch Control Sruct(ure) Declaration                 %
    // %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
    //
    struct switch_control {
      uint8_t switch_type;         // type  of switch connected
      uint8_t switch_pin;          // digital input pin assigned  to the switch
      uint8_t switch_circuit_type; // the type of circuit wired  to the switch
      bool switch_on_value;        // used for BUTTON SWITCHES  only - defines what "on" means
      bool switch_pending;         // records  if switch in transition or not
      uint32_t switch_db_start;    // records  debounce start time when associated switch starts transition
      bool switch_status;          // used for TOGGLE SWITCHES only - current state of toggle switch.
      uint8_t switch_out_pin;      // the digital pin mapped to this switch, if  any
      bool switch_out_pin_status;  // the status of the mapped pin
    }  volatile *switches;          // memory will be created when class is instantiated

    volatile uint8_t last_switched_id = none_switched;

    // Functions available  to end users
    bool read_switch           (uint8_t switch_id);
    bool  read_toggle_switch    (uint8_t switch_id);
    bool read_button_switch    (uint8_t  switch_id);
    int  add_switch            (uint8_t sw_type, uint8_t sw_pin,  uint8_t circ_type);
    int  link_switch_to_output (uint8_t switch_id, uint8_t  output_pin, bool HorL);
    int  num_free_switch_slots ();
    void set_debounce          (uint16_t period);
    void reset_switch          (uint8_t switch_id);
    void reset_switches        ();
    bool button_is_pressed     (uint8_t switch_id,  bool process_link);
    bool button_is_pressed     (uint8_t switch_id);
    void  print_switch          (uint8_t switch_id);
    void print_switches        ();

  private:
    uint8_t  _num_entries  = 0;  // used for adding switches to switch  control structure/list
    uint8_t  _max_switches = 0;  // max switches user  has initialise
    uint16_t _debounce    = 10; // 10 millisecs if not specified  by user code
};

#endif

Downloadable files

Common switch circuit type C3