Ultrasonic Theremin

A Theremin utilizing a passive buzzer using tone(); and the SR04 ultrasonic distance sensor

Dec 31, 2019

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audio

music

toys

Components and supplies

Buzzer

Ultrasonic Sensor - HC-SR04 (Generic)

Arduino Mega 2560

Apps and platforms

TinkerCAD - Free!

Project description

Code

SR04.h

c_cpp

1#ifndef SR04_H
2#define SR04_H
3
4#if defined(ARDUINO) && ARDUINO  >= 100
5	#include "Arduino.h"
6#else
7	#include "WProgram.h"
8#endif
9//#include  "pins_arduino.h"
10
11#include <inttypes.h>
12
13#define PULSE_TIMEOUT 150000L	//  100ms
14#define DEFAULT_DELAY 10
15#define DEFAULT_PINGS 5
16class SR04 {
17public:
18	
19	/**
20	*  Constructor
21	* Ultrasonic sensor SR04, four connections pins
22	* VCC, ECHO,  TRIGGER, GND
23	* <br>
24	* \\param echoPin digital INPUT-Pin for measuring  distance
25	* \\param triggerPin if 10us high a trigger signal is generated from  
26	*					SR04
27	*
28	* \
eturn void
29	*/
30	SR04(int echoPin,  int triggerPin);
31
32	/**
33	* Do a measurment for this sensor. Return distance  as long
34	* in centimenter
35	* \
eturn long distance in centimeter
36	*/
37	long  Distance();
38	
39	/**
40	* Do count measurents and calculate the average.  
41	* To avoid defilement from ow/high peaks, min/max values
42	* are substracted  from the average
43	*
44	* \\param wait delay between measurements, default  = DEFAULT_DELAY/ms
45	* \\param count number of measurements, default DEFAULT_PINGS
46	*  \
eturn long distance in centimeter
47	**/
48	long DistanceAvg(int wait=DEFAULT_DELAY,  int count=DEFAULT_PINGS);
49	
50	/**
51	* Do only a ping. Get result with  methode getDistance()
52	* 
53	* \\param keine
54	*/
55	void Ping() ;
56	
57	/**
58	*  return latest distance. Methode Ping() should be called before
59	* \\param keine
60	*  \
eturn Distanz in Zentimeter
61	*/
62	long getDistance();
63	
64
65private:
66	/**
67	*  Do the measurement calculation and return result in centimeter
68	* SR04 measure  echo time to obstacle and return way. 
69	* <br>
70	* Sound travels with 340m/sec
71	*  <br>
72	* Example: Obstace 100cm away from SR04. Measure time is 100cm to
73	*  obstacle and 100cm return = 200cm
74	* <br>
75	* 1sec = 1000ms = 1.000.000uS
76	*  1.000.000 / 340 = Distance in microseconds for 100cm
77	* 2941uS fuer 100cm =  5882 uS fuer 200cm
78	*
79	* duration / 5882 * 100 = distance in cm
80	*/	
81	long  MicrosecondsToCentimeter(long duration);
82	
83	long _currentDistance;
84	int  _echoPin, _triggerPin;
85	long _duration, _distance;
86	bool _autoMode;
87};
88#endif
89
90
91
92

#ifndef SR04_H
#define SR04_H

#if defined(ARDUINO) && ARDUINO  >= 100
	#include "Arduino.h"
#else
	#include "WProgram.h"
#endif
//#include  "pins_arduino.h"

#include <inttypes.h>

#define PULSE_TIMEOUT 150000L	//  100ms
#define DEFAULT_DELAY 10
#define DEFAULT_PINGS 5
class SR04 {
public:
	
	/**
	*  Constructor
	* Ultrasonic sensor SR04, four connections pins
	* VCC, ECHO,  TRIGGER, GND
	* <br>
	* \\param echoPin digital INPUT-Pin for measuring  distance
	* \\param triggerPin if 10us high a trigger signal is generated from  
	*					SR04
	*
	* \
eturn void
	*/
	SR04(int echoPin,  int triggerPin);

	/**
	* Do a measurment for this sensor. Return distance  as long
	* in centimenter
	* \
eturn long distance in centimeter
	*/
	long  Distance();
	
	/**
	* Do count measurents and calculate the average.  
	* To avoid defilement from ow/high peaks, min/max values
	* are substracted  from the average
	*
	* \\param wait delay between measurements, default  = DEFAULT_DELAY/ms
	* \\param count number of measurements, default DEFAULT_PINGS
	*  \
eturn long distance in centimeter
	**/
	long DistanceAvg(int wait=DEFAULT_DELAY,  int count=DEFAULT_PINGS);
	
	/**
	* Do only a ping. Get result with  methode getDistance()
	* 
	* \\param keine
	*/
	void Ping() ;
	
	/**
	*  return latest distance. Methode Ping() should be called before
	* \\param keine
	*  \
eturn Distanz in Zentimeter
	*/
	long getDistance();
	

private:
	/**
	*  Do the measurement calculation and return result in centimeter
	* SR04 measure  echo time to obstacle and return way. 
	* <br>
	* Sound travels with 340m/sec
	*  <br>
	* Example: Obstace 100cm away from SR04. Measure time is 100cm to
	*  obstacle and 100cm return = 200cm
	* <br>
	* 1sec = 1000ms = 1.000.000uS
	*  1.000.000 / 340 = Distance in microseconds for 100cm
	* 2941uS fuer 100cm =  5882 uS fuer 200cm
	*
	* duration / 5882 * 100 = distance in cm
	*/	
	long  MicrosecondsToCentimeter(long duration);
	
	long _currentDistance;
	int  _echoPin, _triggerPin;
	long _duration, _distance;
	bool _autoMode;
};
#endif

theremin.ino

arduino

Here's the code. You're going to need the library, as well. Paste it in your global "libraries" folder (C:\ProgramFiles (x86)\Arduino\libraries or something).

1#include <SR04.h> //you'll need this library
2
3#define TRIG_PIN 11  //here we use pins 11+12, you can use whichever digital PWM you want
4#define  ECHO_PIN 12
5
6SR04 sr04 = SR04(ECHO_PIN,TRIG_PIN); //initialize our ultrasonic  sensor
7long dist; //our distance variable
8int buzzer = 8; //buzzer pin
9
10void  setup() {
11  Serial.begin(9600); //debugging purposes
12  pinMode(buzzer, OUTPUT);
13}
14
15void  loop() {
16   dist = sr04.Distance(); //get distance
17   Serial.println(dist);  //print to serial for debugging
18   //delay(100); you'll need this if you use  the serial monitor so you don't get overwhelmed
19   if (not (dist > 1000)) { //so  we don't get annoying high-pitch squeacks if we get a bad reading
20    tone(buzzer,  dist + 200, 1000); //add 200 so it's not so low
21   }
22}
23

#include <SR04.h> //you'll need this library

#define TRIG_PIN 11  //here we use pins 11+12, you can use whichever digital PWM you want
#define  ECHO_PIN 12

SR04 sr04 = SR04(ECHO_PIN,TRIG_PIN); //initialize our ultrasonic  sensor
long dist; //our distance variable
int buzzer = 8; //buzzer pin

void  setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600); //debugging purposes
  pinMode(buzzer, OUTPUT);
}

void  loop() {
   dist = sr04.Distance(); //get distance
   Serial.println(dist);  //print to serial for debugging
   //delay(100); you'll need this if you use  the serial monitor so you don't get overwhelmed
   if (not (dist > 1000)) { //so  we don't get annoying high-pitch squeacks if we get a bad reading
    tone(buzzer,  dist + 200, 1000); //add 200 so it's not so low
   }
}

SR04.cpp

c_cpp

1#include "SR04.h"
2
3SR04::SR04(int echoPin, int triggerPin) {
4    _echoPin = echoPin;
5    _triggerPin = triggerPin;
6    pinMode(_echoPin,  INPUT);
7    pinMode(_triggerPin, OUTPUT);
8    _autoMode = false;
9    _distance  = 999;
10}
11
12
13long SR04::Distance() {
14    long d = 0;
15    _duration  = 0;
16    digitalWrite(_triggerPin, LOW);
17    delayMicroseconds(2);
18    digitalWrite(_triggerPin,  HIGH);
19    delayMicroseconds(10);
20    digitalWrite(_triggerPin, LOW);
21    delayMicroseconds(2);
22    _duration = pulseIn(_echoPin, HIGH, PULSE_TIMEOUT);
23    d = MicrosecondsToCentimeter(_duration);
24    delay(25);
25    return d;
26}
27
28long  SR04::DistanceAvg(int wait, int count) {
29    long min, max, avg, d;
30    min  = 999;
31    max = 0;
32    avg = d = 0;
33
34    if (wait < 25) {
35        wait  = 25;
36    }
37
38    if (count < 1) {
39        count = 1;
40    }
41
42    for (int x = 0; x < count + 2; x++) {
43        d = Distance();
44
45        if  (d < min) {
46            min = d;
47        }
48
49        if (d > max) {
50            max = d;
51        }
52
53        avg += d;
54    }
55
56    //  substract highest and lowest value
57    avg -= (max + min);
58    // calculate  average
59    avg /= count;
60    return avg;
61}
62
63void SR04::Ping() {
64    _distance = Distance();
65}
66
67long SR04::getDistance() {
68    return  _distance;
69}
70
71long SR04::MicrosecondsToCentimeter(long duration) {
72    long d = (duration * 100) / 5882;
73    //d = (d == 0)?999:d;
74    return  d;
75}
76
77
78
79
80

#include "SR04.h"

SR04::SR04(int echoPin, int triggerPin) {
    _echoPin = echoPin;
    _triggerPin = triggerPin;
    pinMode(_echoPin,  INPUT);
    pinMode(_triggerPin, OUTPUT);
    _autoMode = false;
    _distance  = 999;
}


long SR04::Distance() {
    long d = 0;
    _duration  = 0;
    digitalWrite(_triggerPin, LOW);
    delayMicroseconds(2);
    digitalWrite(_triggerPin,  HIGH);
    delayMicroseconds(10);
    digitalWrite(_triggerPin, LOW);
    delayMicroseconds(2);
    _duration = pulseIn(_echoPin, HIGH, PULSE_TIMEOUT);
    d = MicrosecondsToCentimeter(_duration);
    delay(25);
    return d;
}

long  SR04::DistanceAvg(int wait, int count) {
    long min, max, avg, d;
    min  = 999;
    max = 0;
    avg = d = 0;

    if (wait < 25) {
        wait  = 25;
    }

    if (count < 1) {
        count = 1;
    }

    for (int x = 0; x < count + 2; x++) {
        d = Distance();

        if  (d < min) {
            min = d;
        }

        if (d > max) {
            max = d;
        }

        avg += d;
    }

    //  substract highest and lowest value
    avg -= (max + min);
    // calculate  average
    avg /= count;
    return avg;
}

void SR04::Ping() {
    _distance = Distance();
}

long SR04::getDistance() {
    return  _distance;
}

long SR04::MicrosecondsToCentimeter(long duration) {
    long d = (duration * 100) / 5882;
    //d = (d == 0)?999:d;
    return  d;
}

SR04.cpp

c_cpp

1#include "SR04.h"
2
3SR04::SR04(int echoPin, int triggerPin) {
4     _echoPin = echoPin;
5    _triggerPin = triggerPin;
6    pinMode(_echoPin,   INPUT);
7    pinMode(_triggerPin, OUTPUT);
8    _autoMode = false;
9    _distance   = 999;
10}
11
12
13long SR04::Distance() {
14    long d = 0;
15    _duration   = 0;
16    digitalWrite(_triggerPin, LOW);
17    delayMicroseconds(2);
18    digitalWrite(_triggerPin,   HIGH);
19    delayMicroseconds(10);
20    digitalWrite(_triggerPin, LOW);
21     delayMicroseconds(2);
22    _duration = pulseIn(_echoPin, HIGH, PULSE_TIMEOUT);
23     d = MicrosecondsToCentimeter(_duration);
24    delay(25);
25    return d;
26}
27
28long   SR04::DistanceAvg(int wait, int count) {
29    long min, max, avg, d;
30    min   = 999;
31    max = 0;
32    avg = d = 0;
33
34    if (wait < 25) {
35        wait   = 25;
36    }
37
38    if (count < 1) {
39        count = 1;
40    }
41
42     for (int x = 0; x < count + 2; x++) {
43        d = Distance();
44
45        if   (d < min) {
46            min = d;
47        }
48
49        if (d > max) {
50             max = d;
51        }
52
53        avg += d;
54    }
55
56    //   substract highest and lowest value
57    avg -= (max + min);
58    // calculate   average
59    avg /= count;
60    return avg;
61}
62
63void SR04::Ping() {
64     _distance = Distance();
65}
66
67long SR04::getDistance() {
68    return   _distance;
69}
70
71long SR04::MicrosecondsToCentimeter(long duration) {
72     long d = (duration * 100) / 5882;
73    //d = (d == 0)?999:d;
74    return   d;
75}
76
77
78
79
80

#include "SR04.h"

SR04::SR04(int echoPin, int triggerPin) {
     _echoPin = echoPin;
    _triggerPin = triggerPin;
    pinMode(_echoPin,   INPUT);
    pinMode(_triggerPin, OUTPUT);
    _autoMode = false;
    _distance   = 999;
}


long SR04::Distance() {
    long d = 0;
    _duration   = 0;
    digitalWrite(_triggerPin, LOW);
    delayMicroseconds(2);
    digitalWrite(_triggerPin,   HIGH);
    delayMicroseconds(10);
    digitalWrite(_triggerPin, LOW);
     delayMicroseconds(2);
    _duration = pulseIn(_echoPin, HIGH, PULSE_TIMEOUT);
     d = MicrosecondsToCentimeter(_duration);
    delay(25);
    return d;
}

long   SR04::DistanceAvg(int wait, int count) {
    long min, max, avg, d;
    min   = 999;
    max = 0;
    avg = d = 0;

    if (wait < 25) {
        wait   = 25;
    }

    if (count < 1) {
        count = 1;
    }

     for (int x = 0; x < count + 2; x++) {
        d = Distance();

        if   (d < min) {
            min = d;
        }

        if (d > max) {
             max = d;
        }

        avg += d;
    }

    //   substract highest and lowest value
    avg -= (max + min);
    // calculate   average
    avg /= count;
    return avg;
}

void SR04::Ping() {
     _distance = Distance();
}

long SR04::getDistance() {
    return   _distance;
}

long SR04::MicrosecondsToCentimeter(long duration) {
     long d = (duration * 100) / 5882;
    //d = (d == 0)?999:d;
    return   d;
}

SR04.h

c_cpp

1#ifndef SR04_H
2#define SR04_H
3
4#if defined(ARDUINO) && ARDUINO   >= 100
5	#include "Arduino.h"
6#else
7	#include "WProgram.h"
8#endif
9//#include   "pins_arduino.h"
10
11#include <inttypes.h>
12
13#define PULSE_TIMEOUT 150000L	//   100ms
14#define DEFAULT_DELAY 10
15#define DEFAULT_PINGS 5
16class SR04 {
17public:
18	
19	/**
20	*   Constructor
21	* Ultrasonic sensor SR04, four connections pins
22	* VCC, ECHO,   TRIGGER, GND
23	* <br>
24	* \\param echoPin digital INPUT-Pin for measuring   distance
25	* \\param triggerPin if 10us high a trigger signal is generated from   
26	*					SR04
27	*
28	* \
eturn void
29	*/
30	SR04(int echoPin,   int triggerPin);
31
32	/**
33	* Do a measurment for this sensor. Return distance   as long
34	* in centimenter
35	* \
eturn long distance in centimeter
36	*/
37	long   Distance();
38	
39	/**
40	* Do count measurents and calculate the average.   
41	* To avoid defilement from ow/high peaks, min/max values
42	* are substracted   from the average
43	*
44	* \\param wait delay between measurements, default   = DEFAULT_DELAY/ms
45	* \\param count number of measurements, default DEFAULT_PINGS
46	*   \
eturn long distance in centimeter
47	**/
48	long DistanceAvg(int wait=DEFAULT_DELAY,   int count=DEFAULT_PINGS);
49	
50	/**
51	* Do only a ping. Get result with   methode getDistance()
52	* 
53	* \\param keine
54	*/
55	void Ping() ;
56	
57	/**
58	*   return latest distance. Methode Ping() should be called before
59	* \\param keine
60	*   \
eturn Distanz in Zentimeter
61	*/
62	long getDistance();
63	
64
65private:
66	/**
67	*   Do the measurement calculation and return result in centimeter
68	* SR04 measure   echo time to obstacle and return way. 
69	* <br>
70	* Sound travels with 340m/sec
71	*   <br>
72	* Example: Obstace 100cm away from SR04. Measure time is 100cm to
73	*   obstacle and 100cm return = 200cm
74	* <br>
75	* 1sec = 1000ms = 1.000.000uS
76	*   1.000.000 / 340 = Distance in microseconds for 100cm
77	* 2941uS fuer 100cm =   5882 uS fuer 200cm
78	*
79	* duration / 5882 * 100 = distance in cm
80	*/	
81	long   MicrosecondsToCentimeter(long duration);
82	
83	long _currentDistance;
84	int   _echoPin, _triggerPin;
85	long _duration, _distance;
86	bool _autoMode;
87};
88#endif
89
90
91
92

#ifndef SR04_H
#define SR04_H

#if defined(ARDUINO) && ARDUINO   >= 100
	#include "Arduino.h"
#else
	#include "WProgram.h"
#endif
//#include   "pins_arduino.h"

#include <inttypes.h>

#define PULSE_TIMEOUT 150000L	//   100ms
#define DEFAULT_DELAY 10
#define DEFAULT_PINGS 5
class SR04 {
public:
	
	/**
	*   Constructor
	* Ultrasonic sensor SR04, four connections pins
	* VCC, ECHO,   TRIGGER, GND
	* <br>
	* \\param echoPin digital INPUT-Pin for measuring   distance
	* \\param triggerPin if 10us high a trigger signal is generated from   
	*					SR04
	*
	* \
eturn void
	*/
	SR04(int echoPin,   int triggerPin);

	/**
	* Do a measurment for this sensor. Return distance   as long
	* in centimenter
	* \
eturn long distance in centimeter
	*/
	long   Distance();
	
	/**
	* Do count measurents and calculate the average.   
	* To avoid defilement from ow/high peaks, min/max values
	* are substracted   from the average
	*
	* \\param wait delay between measurements, default   = DEFAULT_DELAY/ms
	* \\param count number of measurements, default DEFAULT_PINGS
	*   \
eturn long distance in centimeter
	**/
	long DistanceAvg(int wait=DEFAULT_DELAY,   int count=DEFAULT_PINGS);
	
	/**
	* Do only a ping. Get result with   methode getDistance()
	* 
	* \\param keine
	*/
	void Ping() ;
	
	/**
	*   return latest distance. Methode Ping() should be called before
	* \\param keine
	*   \
eturn Distanz in Zentimeter
	*/
	long getDistance();
	

private:
	/**
	*   Do the measurement calculation and return result in centimeter
	* SR04 measure   echo time to obstacle and return way. 
	* <br>
	* Sound travels with 340m/sec
	*   <br>
	* Example: Obstace 100cm away from SR04. Measure time is 100cm to
	*   obstacle and 100cm return = 200cm
	* <br>
	* 1sec = 1000ms = 1.000.000uS
	*   1.000.000 / 340 = Distance in microseconds for 100cm
	* 2941uS fuer 100cm =   5882 uS fuer 200cm
	*
	* duration / 5882 * 100 = distance in cm
	*/	
	long   MicrosecondsToCentimeter(long duration);
	
	long _currentDistance;
	int   _echoPin, _triggerPin;
	long _duration, _distance;
	bool _autoMode;
};
#endif

Downloadable files

Wiring diagram

The distance sensor here only has one output wire but pretend it has another going to PWM12

Wiring diagram

The distance sensor here only has one output wire but pretend it has another going to PWM12

Wiring diagram

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