Bluetooth MIDI-Operated Antique Reed Organ

Project in progress

Components and supplies

Arduino Mega 2560 & Genuino Mega 2560

ZYE1-0530 Solenoid

Custom Solenoid Driver Board

Design files attached. I manufactured 15@ FirstPCB.com for a total cost of $50 shipped.

IRLZ-44N MOSFET

Resistor 220 Ohm

HC-06 Bluetooth Serial COM Reciever

Apps and online services

Hairless MIDI < - > Serial Bridge

This software allows us to send MIDI data from any application on your computer to a serial port, in this case the Bluetooth reciever, which the Arduinos then respond to.

About this project

This page was used for a brief description of the project before I published it on Instructables.com. Please view the much more detailed Instructable here: https://www.instructables.com/id/MIDI-Controlled-88-Key-Reed-Organ/

For my high-school senior project, I was going to convert an upright piano to be a MIDI-controlled player piano. However, I by chance ran across a reed organ, and knowing nothing about them became very interested in their sound and history. So I instead converted an Estey Reed organ to be MIDI operated. This is the result.

For now, just the keys are MIDI controlled. I plan on adding a vacuum motor so it doesn't have to be foot pumped, as well as control of the stops on the cheekblocks.

I am currently writing a very detailed Instructable. For now, here are some photos and some demo videos.

Demo playlist here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=36Er-6ZRR6Q&list=PLbli1gTIi5kp9_iqoVi0sN5cbYPDn0naH

Suggest a song or upload a MIDI file for it to play here: http://bit.ly/2wR3QUE

Bottom view showing the control electronics. It has been cleaned up somewhat since this was taken.

View showing how the solenoids actuate the keys.

Close up showing the popsicle stick extensions for the black keys.

Driver board, fully populated. There are a total of 6 of these.

Electronics all layed out. Solenoids are connected, as are the power wires, but the control wires from the Arduinos to the driver boards aren't.

Code

Arduino #1Arduino

For the left-most Arduino

byte incomingByte;
byte note;
byte velocity;

int statusLed = 13;   // select the pin for the LED

int action = 2; //0 =note off ; 1=note on ; 2= nada

//setup: declaring iputs and outputs and begin serial
void setup() {
  pinMode(statusLed, OUTPUT);  // declare the LED's pin as output

  int inMin = 22; // Lowest input pin
  int inMax = 53; // Highest input pin
  for (int i = inMin; i <= inMax; i++) {
    pinMode(i, OUTPUT);
  }

  Serial1.begin(38400);
  digitalWrite(statusLed, HIGH);
}

//loop: wait for serial data, and interpret the message
void loop () {
  if (Serial1.available() > 0) {
    // read the incoming byte:
    incomingByte = Serial1.read();

    // wait for as status-byte, channel 1, note on or off
    if (incomingByte == 144) { // note on message starting starting
      action = 1;
    } else if (incomingByte == 128) { // note off message starting
      action = 0;
    } else if (incomingByte == 208) { // aftertouch message starting
      //not implemented yet
    } else if (incomingByte == 160) { // polypressure message starting
      //not implemented yet
    } else if ( (action == 0) && (note == 0) ) { // if we received a "note off", we wait for which note (databyte)
      note = incomingByte;
      playNote(note, 0);
      note = 0;
      velocity = 0;
      action = 2;
    } else if ( (action == 1) && (note == 0) ) { // if we received a "note on", we wait for the note (databyte)
      note = incomingByte;
    } else if ( (action == 1) && (note != 0) ) { // ...and then the velocity
      velocity = incomingByte;
      playNote(note, velocity);
      note = 0;
      velocity = 0;
      action = 0;
    } else {
      //nada
    }
  }
}

void blink() {
  digitalWrite(statusLed, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(statusLed, LOW);
  delay(100);
}


void playNote(byte note, byte velocity) {
  int value = LOW;
  if (velocity > 10) {
    value = HIGH;
  } else {
    value = LOW;
  }

  if (note > 20 && note < 55) {
    digitalWrite((note + 1), value);
  }
}

Arduino #2Arduino

Center Arduino code. All Arduinos are running essentially the same code, they just respond to different MIDI note ranges.

byte incomingByte;
byte note;
byte velocity;

int statusLed = 13;   // select the pin for the LED

int action = 2; //0 =note off ; 1=note on ; 2= nada

//setup: declaring iputs and outputs and begin serial
void setup() {
  pinMode(statusLed, OUTPUT);  // declare the LED's pin as output

  int inMin = 22; // Lowest input pin
  int inMax = 53; // Highest input pin
  for (int i = inMin; i <= inMax; i++) {
    pinMode(i, OUTPUT);
  }

  Serial1.begin(38400);
  digitalWrite(statusLed, HIGH);
}

//loop: wait for serial data, and interpret the message
void loop () {
  if (Serial1.available() > 0) {
    // read the incoming byte:
    incomingByte = Serial1.read();

    // wait for as status-byte, channel 1, note on or off
    if (incomingByte == 144) { // note on message starting starting
      action = 1;
    } else if (incomingByte == 128) { // note off message starting
      action = 0;
    } else if (incomingByte == 208) { // aftertouch message starting
      //not implemented yet
    } else if (incomingByte == 160) { // polypressure message starting
      //not implemented yet
    } else if ( (action == 0) && (note == 0) ) { // if we received a "note off", we wait for which note (databyte)
      note = incomingByte;
      playNote(note, 0);
      note = 0;
      velocity = 0;
      action = 2;
    } else if ( (action == 1) && (note == 0) ) { // if we received a "note on", we wait for the note (databyte)
      note = incomingByte;
    } else if ( (action == 1) && (note != 0) ) { // ...and then the velocity
      velocity = incomingByte;
      playNote(note, velocity);
      note = 0;
      velocity = 0;
      action = 0;
    } else {
      //nada
    }
  }
}

void blink() {
  digitalWrite(statusLed, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(statusLed, LOW);
  delay(100);
}


void playNote(byte note, byte velocity) {
  int value = LOW;
  if (velocity > 10) {
    value = HIGH;
  } else {
    value = LOW;
  }

  if (note > 52 && note < 85) {
    digitalWrite((note - 31), value);
  }
}

Arduino #3Arduino

Right Arduino. All Arduinos are running essentially the same code, they just respond to different MIDI note ranges.

byte incomingByte;
byte note;
byte velocity;

int statusLed = 13;   // select the pin for the LED

int action = 2; //0 =note off ; 1=note on ; 2= nada

//setup: declaring iputs and outputs and begin serial
void setup() {
  pinMode(statusLed, OUTPUT);  // declare the LED's pin as output

  int inMin = 22; // Lowest input pin
  int inMax = 53; // Highest input pin
  for (int i = inMin; i <= inMax; i++) {
    pinMode(i, OUTPUT);
  }

  Serial1.begin(38400);
  digitalWrite(statusLed, LOW);
}

//loop: wait for serial data, and interpret the message
void loop () {
  if (Serial1.available() > 0) {
    digitalWrite(statusLed, HIGH);
    // read the incoming byte:
    incomingByte = Serial1.read();

    // wait for as status-byte, channel 1, note on or off
    if (incomingByte == 144) { // note on message starting starting
      action = 1;
    } else if (incomingByte == 128) { // note off message starting
      action = 0;
    } else if (incomingByte == 208) { // aftertouch message starting
      //not implemented yet
    } else if (incomingByte == 160) { // polypressure message starting
      //not implemented yet
    } else if ( (action == 0) && (note == 0) ) { // if we received a "note off", we wait for which note (databyte)
      note = incomingByte;
      playNote(note, 0);
      note = 0;
      velocity = 0;
      action = 2;
    } else if ( (action == 1) && (note == 0) ) { // if we received a "note on", we wait for the note (databyte)
      note = incomingByte;
    } else if ( (action == 1) && (note != 0) ) { // ...and then the velocity
      velocity = incomingByte;
      playNote(note, velocity);
      note = 0;
      velocity = 0;
      action = 0;
    } else {
      //nada
    }
  }
}

void blink() {
  digitalWrite(statusLed, HIGH);
  delay(100);
  digitalWrite(statusLed, LOW);
  delay(100);
}


void playNote(byte note, byte velocity) {
  int value = LOW;
  if (velocity > 10) {
    value = HIGH;
  } else {
    value = LOW;
  }

  if (note > 84 && note < 109) {
    digitalWrite((note - 63), value);
  }
}

Schematics

16-Channel MOSFET Solenoid Driver Board

Download

Please note that using this file you can't actually solder in the MOSFETs; the holes are just big enough to jam them in. This makes them easier to replace.